Fibre hemp inflorescences: From crop-residues to essential oil production

Separation of aroma compounds from industrial hemp inflorescences (Cannabis sativa L.) by supercritical CO2 extraction and on-line fractionation

“…Table 1 presents the volatile compounds identified according to the GC-MS analysis. As can be deduced from table, the main (more abundant) compounds identified in inflorescences were ␣-pinene (12.39%), ␤-pinene (4.04%) myrcene (23.67%), terpinolene (10.17%), caryophyllene (29.66%), ␣-humulene (6.72%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.70%), in accordance with the literature (Bertoli et al, 2010). GC peaks were identified as hydrocarbon monoterpenes (52.73%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (2.22%), sesquiterpenes (36.96%), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (8.07%).…”

“…The essential oil composition showed significant quantitative differences in comparison with the essential oils from different fiber hemp inflorescences reported by Bertoli et al (2010), but these main constituents were confirmed. In the essential oil, sesquiterpenes (52.63%), and related oxygenated compounds (11.61%) were present in high percentage in comparison with hydrocarbon monoterpenes (34.31%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (1.44%).…”

“…Identification of the volatile compounds was carried out by comparing the Kovats retention indices determined by inserting a solution containing the homologous series of normal alkanes (C 7 -C 20 ) with those reported by literature (Bertoli et al, 2010) and with spectra of the NIST and WILEY libraries coupled with the software of GC-MS and Adams' library (Adams, 2001). The results are expressed as GC peak areas percent.…”

Multidimensional analysis of cannabis volatile constituents: Identification of 5,5-dimethyl-1-vinylbicyclo[2.1.1]hexane as a volatile marker of hashish, the resin of Cannabis sativa L.

“…In comparison with cannabinoid derivatives, the volatile constituents of cannabis have received much less attention. Nevertheless, the chemical composition of the volatile fraction of cannabis derived products is well documented and has been mainly established through the analysis of their essential oils [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] or by means of headspace sampling techniques [25][26][27][28][29]. Hence, a large variety of volatile compounds representing all chemical classes (hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters) have been detected in cannabis samples [20].…”

“…Essential oils extracted from fresh cannabis herb were previously reported to show a chemical composition qualitatively similar to that obtained from air-dried herb, but that drying resulted in a loss of the most volatile compounds, particularly affecting the content in monoterpenes [21]. Moreover, the direct comparison of the chemical composition of a cannabis essential oil with that of a headspace sample is not often straightforward since thermolabile or water-sensitive constituents might be dramatically affected by hydrodistillation [25,26].…”