Fibre intake and evolution of BMI: from pre-pregnancy to postpartum

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effect of fibre intake on the evolution of maternal BMI from pregnancy to postpartum and to identify dietary patterns associated with fibre intake. Design: Cohort study. Food intake was obtained using an FFQ. Focused principal component analysis was used focusing on the variables: postpartum weight retention and total dietary fibre intake. Poisson regression models with robust variance were built in order to measure the effect of fibre intake during the postpartum period on obesity risk. Setting: Primary care clinics in southern Brazil. Subjects: Pregnant women (n 370) were followed until the 5th month postpartum. Results: The highest contribution to fibre intake came from the consumption of beans. Consumption of bread and rice indicated a common Brazilian food pattern along with beans. Participants retained a median of 4?4 (interquartile range 0?6, 7?9) kg of weight gained during pregnancy. Obesity risk, defined as an unfavourable evolution of BMI during pregnancy and postpartum, was present in 189 (55?1 %) women. Individual food items did not have an important effect on weight retention. In Poisson regression adjusting for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI and total gestational weight gain, inadequate postpartum fibre intake increased obesity risk by 24 % (relative risk 5 1?24; 95 % CI 1?05, 1?47). Conclusions: Important maternal weight retention occurred in these women. Adequate fibre intake may reduce obesity risk in the period following childbirth. Keywords Postpartum BMI Fibre intake Maternal obesityThe postpartum period appears to be a critical period for obesity development in women of reproductive age due to maternal weight retention determined by a series of interrelated factors (1,2) . Gestational weight gain above the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) is considered the most important predictor for postpartum weight retention, increasing the short-, medium-and long-term risk obesity (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) .Among other factors associated with postpartum weight variation, maternal age, parity, social and demographic factors as well as pre-pregnancy nutritional status represent non-modifiable factors or ones that occur before pregnancy (1,2) . Modifiable factors related to lifestyle, such as diet, physical activity, smoking and lactation, and their effects on the postpartum weight evolution, are still relatively underexplored in the literature (9)(10)(11)(12) .Maternal energy intake needs to be increased in both pregnancy and postpartum in order to meet physiological demands. The American Dietetic Association recommends that food intake in pregnancy and the postpartum period should be based on whole grains, fruit and vegetables, aiming at meeting recommended vitamin and mineral contents (13) . Nutritional restriction is discouraged even for obese women in the postpartum period, and methods that emphasize a fast weight loss are not recommended (14) . Approximately 13-20 % of women do not return to their pre-pregnancy weight, showing significant postpartum weig...

Dietary patterns and their association with adiponectin and leptin concentrations throughout pregnancy: a prospective cohort

“…In contrast, Drehmer et al . ( 29 ) found negative associations between daily fibre consumption and occurrence of obesity among 370 Brazilian pregnant women and observed that those who did not reach the daily recommendation of fibre intake (28 g) (DRI, 2002) had a 30 % higher risk of postpartum obesity compared with those who did reach the recommendation. These authors also showed that the highest contribution of fibre intake came from beans.…”

Elemental Metabolomics and Pregnancy Outcomes

“…Although there are no known associations with pregnancy overnutrition of copper, it has been considered a potential risk factor in cardiovascular disease [63,64]. High copper intake has also been negatively associated with cognitive function [65]. Undernutrition of copper is uncommon but can result from genetic uptake disorders or deficiency of trace elements from foodstuffs, more common in people consuming a Western diet [66].…”

Agreement of dietary fiber and calorie intake values according to the choice of nutrient composition and household measure tables

“…They were evaluated during pregnancy and in the postpartum period up to the fifth month [9]. In order to estimate food intake during pregnancy [13] and during the postpartum period [14], a previously validated [15] Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used in the present study.…”

“…Buss et al [13] and Giacomello et al [15] [18]. After the release of the TACO, all analyses related to food consumption in the ECCAGe were carried out using this table [14,19].…”