Fibre-supported optical generation and deliveryof 60 GHz signals

O’Reilly, J.J.; Lane, P.M.

doi:10.1049/el:19940850

Cited by 113 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…32 is to carefully set the depth of the optical modulation using the electronic LO, which is also referred to as the LO modulation index, to a value that suppresses the optical carrier [77], i.e., to ensure [77]. However, at this LO modulation index, the strength of the optical harmonics in Equation (22), that are above the secondorder harmonics, become significant [77].…”

Section: A Optical Upconversion Using the Non-linearity Of The Mzmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Radio Over Fiber Optical Upconversion Techniques Relying on Link Nonlinearity

Thomas

El‐Hajjar

Hanzo

2016

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Abstract-A study of advanced upconversion techniques used in radio over fiber (ROF) is provided. With the huge increase in both the number of wireless communication subscribers and the bandwidth required per customer, migrating to higher frequencies, i.e., from lower radio frequency to millimeter-wave carriers, is an essential solution. However, due to the short propagation range of millimeter waves, a large number of radio access points are required for providing reliable coverage, which would increase the infrastructure costs. Hence, the transmission of RF signals between the central (or control) points and radio access points (or remote antenna units) using optical fibers is one of the major access network solutions that have been proposed for future high-bandwidth wireless communication systems. In this paper, we introduce the basics of ROF communication, including optical modulation, the optical channel, and the optical detection techniques. Then we survey the family of advanced optical upconversion techniques that exploit the nonlinearity of the ROF link. Specifically, we describe how optical upconversion can be achieved by exploiting the Mach-Zehnder modulator's nonlinearity, wavelength conversion techniques, or the photodetector's nonlinearity. The wavelength conversion techniques rely on the nonlinearities present in the fiber, in the optical amplifier, or in the electroabsorption modulator. Index Terms-Radio over fiber, direct modulation, external modulation, direct photo-detection, coherent photo-detection, mach zehnder modulator, cross phase modulation, self phase modulation, four wave mixing, stimulated raman scattering, stimulated brillouin scattering, optical frequency modulation, optical phase modulation, optical intensity modulation, optical single side band modulation, optical double side band modulation, optical carrier suppression modulation, sub carrier multiplexing, wavelength division multiplexing, optical N-tupling, optical upconversion, semiconductor optical amplifier, electro-absorption modulator, mach zehnder interferometer, highly nonlinear dispersion shifted fiber, nonlinear optical loop mirror, millimeter wave, 5G, microwave photonics.

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Section: A Optical Upconversion Using the Non-linearity Of The Mzmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Radio Over Fiber Optical Upconversion Techniques Relying on Link Nonlinearity

Thomas

El‐Hajjar

Hanzo

2016

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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“…Techniques which have been proposed and demonstrated include harmonic generation using a MZ-IM [10], heterodyne mixing of two continuouswave (CW) lasers [11] and resonant enhancement in a monolithic mode-locked laser [12]. Among all these previously reported methods, a favored technique is to use optical heterodyning between two lasing wavelengths whose frequencies are separated by the desired microwave frequency.…”

Section: Photonic Generation Of Microwave Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1994, another method was proposed to generate a frequency-quadrupled electrical signal ( 4 f method). Instead of biasing the MZ-IM to suppress the even-order optical sidebands, the method in [10] was based on the quadratic response of an optical intensity modulator. The optical carrier and the first and third-order optical sidebands were suppressed by adjusting the drive signal level.…”

Section: Microwave Generation Based On External Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic Components for Analog Fiber Links

García-Juárez¹,

Zaldívar-Huerta²,

Rodrı́guez-Asomoza³

et al. 2012

Optical Communication

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“…The cost of sub-THz systems can be reduced by using mature and cost-effective optical telecommunication components. O'Reilly et al first demonstrated frequency doubling and quadrupling schemes by using a single Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) to generate millimeter waves [6,7] . Li et al proposed frequency quadrupling, sextupling, and octupling in which two cascaded MZMs was used; they also generated a 0.1-THz signal by frequency octupling [13] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical generation of high-power 0.1-THz continuous wave by external modulation

Zhang¹,

Lu²,

Li³

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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We experimentally demonstrate that a high-power 0.1-THz continuous wave can be generated by external modulation. A low-noise electrical amplifier and a W-band antenna with a gain of 25 dBi are employed to enhance photodiode output power. Detection power exceeds 1 mW when an absolute terahertz power meter is used.OCIS codes: 060.5625, 060.4370. doi: 10.3788/COL201210.100605.A sub-terahertz (THz) has attracted increasing interest in recent years because of its promising potential in high data rate communication and high resolution imaging applications [1−5] . Obtaining low-phase noise, high power, and cost-effective sub-THz waves for real applications is currently a major issue. In addressing this requirement, photonic techniques are considered more superior to conventional techniques that are based on electronic devices. The optical frequency multiplication techniques based on external modulation, such as the use of an optical intensity modulator (IM), is a typical photonic solution to generating millimeter and sub-THz waves [6−15] . High-order optical sidebands can be generated given the inherent nonlinearity of an IM response. A sub-THz wave can be obtained by beating two high-order optical sidebands at a photodiode (PD). The cost of sub-THz systems can be reduced by using mature and cost-effective optical telecommunication components. O'Reilly et al. first demonstrated frequency doubling and quadrupling schemes by using a single Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) to generate millimeter waves [6,7] . Li et al. proposed frequency quadrupling, sextupling, and octupling in which two cascaded MZMs was used; they also generated a 0.1-THz signal by frequency octupling [13] . Sub-THz wave generation that uses two cascaded MZMs instead of a single MZM increases the frequency multiplication factor. The process is limited primarily by its high complexity, which is attributed to the requirements of simultaneously adjusting more than two parameters and high bias voltage accuracy. The output power of commercial p-i-n PD is in the order of microwatts over 0.1 THz because of the low saturation photocurrent, which significantly constrains the output power of the abovementioned schemes. A recently reported type of PD called uni-travelling-carrier PD (UTC-PD) can provide a high saturation photocurrent, and its output power can exceed 10 mW at 0.1 THz [14,15] . The UTC-PD exhibits potential in the production of high-power sub-THz wave signals, but mature commercial products are still unavailable.In this letter, we propose an optical frequency quadrupling technique for generating optical 0.1-THz waves with an optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) larger than 25 dB. The technique uses a single IM. To address the power limitation caused by commercial p-i-n PD saturation, a low-noise electrical amplifier and a W-band antenna with a gain of 25 dBi are employed to amplify the weak output power of a commercial PD. The detected power exceeds 1 mW at a 2-cm distance from the antenna when an absolute THz power meter is used. We experimenta...

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Fibre-supported optical generation and deliveryof 60 GHz signals

Cited by 113 publications

References 3 publications

Millimeter-Wave Radio Over Fiber Optical Upconversion Techniques Relying on Link Nonlinearity

Millimeter-Wave Radio Over Fiber Optical Upconversion Techniques Relying on Link Nonlinearity

Photonic Components for Analog Fiber Links

Optical generation of high-power 0.1-THz continuous wave by external modulation

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