Fibrin-Enriched Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Promotes In Vitro Angiogenesis

Abstract

Angiogenesis is essential for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. Promoting angiogenesis has been demonstrated as an effective approach for myocardial infarction treatment. Several different strategies for inducing myocardial angiogenesis have been explored, including exogenous delivery of angiogenic genes, proteins, microRNAs, cells, and extracellular vesicles. Various types of injectable hydrogels have been investigated for cardiac tissue repair. One of the most promising injectable hydrogels in cardiac regeneration is a cardiac extracellular matrix hydrogel that is derived from decellularized porcine myocardium. It can be delivered minimally invasively via transendocardial delivery. The safety and efficacy of cardiac extracellular matrix hydrogels have been shown in small and large animal myocardial infarction models as well as clinical trials. The main mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits of cardiac extracellular matrix hydrogels have been elucidated and involved in the modulation of the immune response, downregulation of pathways related to heart failure progression and fibrosis, upregulation of genes important for cardiac muscle contraction, and enhancing cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation from stem cells. However, no potent capillary network formation induced by cardiac extracellular matrix hydrogels has been reported. In this study, we tested the feasibility of incorporating a fibrin matrix into cardiac extracellular matrix hydrogels to improve the angiogenic properties of the hydrogel. Our in vitro results demonstrate that fibrin-enriched cardiac extracellular matrix hydrogels can induce robust endothelial cell tube formation from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and promote the sprouting of human mesenchymal stem cell spheroids. The obtained information from this study is very critical toward the future in vivo evaluation of fibrin-enriched cardiac extracellular matrix hydrogels in promoting myocardial angiogenesis.

Cartilage Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Based Hydrogel with Enhanced Tissue Adhesion and Promoted Chondrogenesis for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

“…The use of extracellular matrix-based biomaterials has become increasingly popular for reconstructing the native tissue microenvironment . This is due to their ability to modulate therapeutic cells toward tissue-specific differentiation. , The multipotential BMSCs were encapsulated in our CdECM and hybrid hydrogels, and the cellular 3D environment drove chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs.…”

Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Exosomes Biopotentiated Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration

“…[ 48 , 49 , 50 ] In addition, it was also proven that ECM also obtained improved angiogenic capacity. [ 51 ] Ki67, an important marker of cell proliferation, was also evaluated in wound samples at day 7 and day 14 to estimate total cellular proliferation. The immunostaining results of Ki67 showed that the expression of Ki67 increased significantly in the ECM@exo group compared with the other groups, while the control group had few positive cells (Figure 4I,K ).…”

Transcriptomic Approaches to Cardiomyocyte–Biomaterial Interactions: A Review

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