Fibrinogen and D-dimer levels in prostate cancer: Preliminary results

Abstract

BackgroundProstate cancer is one of the most common malignancy in men. The main risk factors for coagulation activation and thrombosis are malignancy and older age. The thrombosis risk may be associated with increased level of coagulation markers such as fibrinogen and D-dimer. The aim of this study is evaluate the relationship between coagulation markers and prostate cancer.MethodsThis prospective study includes the patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy and prostate surgery was performed between January 2015 and January 2016. Plasma prostate specific antigen (PSA), free PSA (fPSA), percentage fPSA, D-dimer and fibrinogen levels were measured before the procedures. The patients were divided into two groups according to the pathology results. The patients with benign prostate hyperplasia were in group 1 and the patients with prostate cancer were in group 2.ResultsThere were 76 patients in the current study. There were 53 patients in group 1 and 23 patients in group 2. The mean age of the patients, PSA, fPSA, fibrinogen and D-dimer levels was 65.33 ± 7.47 years, 8.21 ± 4.59, 1.41 ± 0.74 ng/ml, 309.75 ± 80.46 mg/dl, 0.42 ± 0.39 ug/ml in group 1. In group 2; the mean age of the patients, PSA, fPSA, fibrinogen and D-dimer levels was 66.08 ± 6.7 years, 145.69 ± 509.35, 7.32 ± 15 ng/ml, 312.16 ± 69.48 mg/dl, 1.09 ± 2.11 ug/ml. The prostate biopsy and transurethral surgery were performed in 64(%84.21) and 12(%15.79) patients.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that plasma D-dimer level was higher in patients with prostate cancer. Further studies that include large number of patients are needed to define the relationship between prostate cancer and coagulation disorder.

D-Dimer Combined with Fibrinogen Predicts the Risk of Venous Thrombosis in Fracture Patients

“…D-dimer can be easily diffused into the bloodstream due to their low molecular weight. This conception can be supported by elevated D-dimer levels that are found in cancer or acute inflammatory patients [ 5 , 6 ]. Previous studies found that while D-dimer has a high negative predictive value for excluding DVT and PE, the positive predictive value for DVT and/or PE is very poor.…”

Systemic Coagulation Markers Especially Fibrinogen Are Closely Associated with the Aggressiveness of Prostate Cancer in Patients Who Underwent Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy

“…As an acute-phase protein, Fib increases during systemic inflammation, trauma, surgery, blood vessel thromboembolism, and cancer progression [ 12 ]. Previous studies claimed that high plasma Fib was associated with tumor aggression and poor prognosis in multiple kinds of cancers [ 13 – 18 ].…”

<p>Prognostic Value of the Preoperative Plasma D-Dimer Levels in Patients with Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma in a Retrospective Cohort Study</p>

“…Plasma D-dimer is the product of cross-linked fibrin degradation by plasmin-induced fibrinolytic activity, and this marker has been widely used as a useful indicator of hemostasis and fibrinolysis activation. Elevated preoperative plasma D-dimer levels have been reported to be an unfavorable prognostic factor in various malignancies, such as lung cancers, 6,15 digestive tract cancers, 16 urological cancers 10,11,17 and soft tissue sarcomas. 5,7 The mechanism underlying the association between elevated plasma D-dimer levels and malignancy remains speculative.…”

“…Elevated plasma D-dimer levels may be associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation, pregnancy, infectious diseases, trauma, surgery, and venous thromboembolism. 8 Although elevated circulating D-dimer levels are related to various cancers, such as lung, breast, prostate, and bladder cancer, 6,[9][10][11] the relationship between this hemostatic biomarker and UTUC survival outcomes is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative plasma D-dimer levels in UTUC.…”