Fibrinogen‑to‑albumin ratio predicts long‑term outcomes for patients with ST‑elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease: A prospective observational cohort study

Abstract

The fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio index (FAR) is a valuable tool reflecting the systemic inflammation level and associated with the severity of coronary artery disease. However, the utility of the FAR in predicting the long-term prognosis of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease has remained to be determined. A total of 424 patients diagnosed with STEMI and multivessel disease were recruited for the present study. They were given emergent percutaneous coronary intervention treatment and then completed a follow-up for primary (all-cause mortality) and secondary endpoints (major adverse cardiac events, including MI, stroke, emergent revascularization and rehospitalization due to heart failure). The association between FAR and the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score was investigated, while receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was adopted to assess the ability of the FAR to predict long-term outcomes. The long-term survival of high and low FAR groups was compared by drawing Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was adopted to evaluate the risk factors of primary and secondary endpoints. The FAR was revealed to have a linear correlation with the SYNTAX score (y=0.022x+17.737; P=0.015). Furthermore, the FAR was a significant predictor of all-cause death with a cutoff value of 128.4 (area under the curve, 0.832; P<0.001). A significant difference was determined between the high FAR group and the low FAR group in terms of the proportion of patients with the primary endpoint (P<0.001) and secondary endpoint (P=0.001). It was demonstrated that the FAR was an independent risk factor for all-cause death of patients with STEMI and multivessel disease (hazard ratio, 1.029; 95% CI: 1.020-1.037; P<0.001). In summary, the FAR is a valuable biomarker associated with STEMI and may be useful in the prediction of the long-term prognosis of patients with STEMI and multivessel disease.

Bioactivities of Phenolic Compounds from Kiwifruit and Persimmon

“…It was found that, similar to traditional risk factors, plasma fibrinogen and albumin levels showed a close relation with the presence and severity of CAD [ 25 ]. The fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio index is a valuable biomarker associated with ST- elevation myocardial infarction and may be useful in the prediction of the long-term prognosis of patients with such diseases [ 26 ]. So, following the recent reports on humans discussed above and the results of the supplementation of fruits, it was shown that the triglyceride (TG)/cholesterol profile depended on the treatment of persimmon water extracts, and tannin-enriched persimmon concentrate stimulated hypocholesterolemic actions [ 6 , 53 , 54 ].…”

“…The albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) is used as a prognostic marker in acute ischemic cardiovascular events. Investigations were directed to determine whether serum AGR, fibrinogen, and the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) are related to the presence and severity of coronary artery disease [ 25 , 26 ].…”

From Classic to Modern Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

“…Being a feasible marker, as well as a cheap one, FAR could be considered a potential alternative tool to amplify the prognostic sensitivity value in patients with STEMI [ 26 ]. In addition, Liu et al [ 27 ] studied the relationship between FAR and the SYNTAX score, demonstrating that there is a linear connection in this case, as well as benefits such as simplicity, efficiency and exhaustiveness. Furthermore, it has been suggested that high levels of pre-procedural FIB are an independent risk marker for contrast-induced kidney injury after catheterization in patients with ACS [ 23 , 28 ].…”

Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio Predicts Postcontrast Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome after Implantation of Drug-Eluting Stents

“…In addition, FAR values could also be used to improve risk stratification in patients with NSTE-ACS [ 17 ]. A prospective cohort study involving 562 patients showed that FAR was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease and that it helped in guiding clinical strategies [ 23 ]. A nonlinear relationship between FAR and in-hospital mortality among critically ill patients with AKI was also observed by Xia et al [ 24 ].…”