Fibrinolytic Platelet Decoys Reduce Cancer Metastasis by Dissociating Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters

Abstract

During metastasis, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can travel in the bloodstream as individual cells or clusters, associated with fibrin and platelets. Clusters have a higher metastatic potential due to their increased ability to withstand shear stress and arrest in small vessels. Moreover, CTC–platelet interaction protects CTCs from shear stress and immune detection. The objective of this project is to develop a fibrinolytic platelet system to leverage platelet–CTC interactions and dissociate CTC clusters. For this approach, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is loaded onto two modified platelet systems: platelet Decoys and lyophilized platelets. The activities of the systems are characterized using a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer‐based assay and an angiogenic assay. Furthermore, the ability of the system to dissociate cancer cell clusters in vitro is assessed using light transmission aggregometry. The data demonstrates that the fibrinolytic platelets can maintain tPA activity, interact with CTCs, and dissociate cancer cell clusters. Finally, fibrinolytic platelets are assessed in vivo, demonstrating a decreased tumor load and increased survival with tPA‐Decoy treatment, which is selected as the optimal treatment based on favorable in vitro results and in vivo trials. Therefore, this fibrinolytic platelet approach is a promising method for leveraging platelet–CTC interactions to disperse CTC clusters and reduce metastasis.