2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.026
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Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) inhibits macrophage-mediated inflammation by activating Nrf2 and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway

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Cited by 126 publications
(103 citation statements)
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“…Because IL‐17A neutralization therapy may shift macrophages from the M2 to M1 phenotype in the skin of IMQ‐treated mice, the expression of βKlotho may be involved in the M2 polarization of macrophages. These results are consistent with previous findings showing that FGF21 inhibits M1‐type inflammation by macrophages in vitro . There is another possibility that IL‐17A neutralization reduced the number of infiltrated βKlotho‐positive cells without changing βKlotho expression levels in each macrophage.…”
supporting
confidence: 93%
“…Because IL‐17A neutralization therapy may shift macrophages from the M2 to M1 phenotype in the skin of IMQ‐treated mice, the expression of βKlotho may be involved in the M2 polarization of macrophages. These results are consistent with previous findings showing that FGF21 inhibits M1‐type inflammation by macrophages in vitro . There is another possibility that IL‐17A neutralization reduced the number of infiltrated βKlotho‐positive cells without changing βKlotho expression levels in each macrophage.…”
supporting
confidence: 93%
“…While FGF21KO-SED WAT and BAT had a more pro-inflammatory phenotype compared to WT-SED mice, it is unclear if that was a direct effect of FGF21 ablation, or secondary to the increase in adiposity observed in the KO mice. However, emerging data suggest a direct role for FGF21 in alleviating ER stress and inflammation (Guo, et al 2016; Wang, et al 2014; Yu et al 2016). In order to interrogate further whether the inflammatory changes observed in the KO mice were dependent or independent of the increase in adiposity, we statistically adjusted for the effect of body weight on all inflammatory outcomes (Supplementary Table 1).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similar benefits have been shown with exercise training (Ji, et al 2015; Kim, et al 2013; Kim and Lee 2014), which has been shown to increase FGF21 secretion in some human and rodent studies (Kim et al 2013; Loyd, et al 2016; Tanimura, et al 2016). Recently, anti-inflammatory properties of FGF21 have been reported (Feingold, et al 2012; Singhal, et al 2016; Yu, et al 2016); however, whether exercise-induced anti-inflammatory actions in adipose tissue are mediated via FGF21 has not been addressed.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The FGF21 genotype affected the changes in central adiposity and body fat composition achieved by energy restricted diets of differing macronutrients composition in POUNDS Lost, a 2-year randomized diet intervention trial 69 . This may be mediated by FGF21 activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SIRT1 (an anti-inflammatory deacetylase that stimulates autophagy), which inhibits macrophage-mediated inflammation 70 . The metabolic and inflammatory effects of AMPK are reviewed next and autophagy and the clinical implications of these findings are reviewed later on.…”
Section: Macrophage Functions In Lean Tissuementioning
confidence: 99%