Fibroblast growth factor 21 levels are increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and are correlated with hepatic triglyceride

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Regulated by the IRE1α-XBP1 Branch of the Unfolded Protein Response and Counteracts Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Hepatic Steatosis

“…Human Liver Samples-Human liver samples were collected from patients of benign focal hepatic lesions undergoing liver surgery at the Department of Liver Surgery (Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China) as described previously (37), including tissues from patients with NAFLD. Diagnosis of NAFLD was according to the guidelines proposed by the AsiaPacific Working Party (45).…”

“…Moreover, we and others have shown that circulating FGF21 levels are elevated in human obese subjects and patients with hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes, or NAFLD (34 -40). Notably, elevated serum levels of FGF21 are closely associated with chronic liver injury and hepatic triglycerides (35,37), and FGF21 may even serve as an independent predictor of NAFLD (38). While the molecular basis of the increased FGF21 levels in association with metabolic disorders remains elusive, it is currently unclear whether important differences in the regulation and function of FGF21 exist between rodents and humans.…”

Metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Is insulin resistance the link?

“…In particular, Camporez et al showed that these improvements were associated with reduced hepatocellular triglyceride and diacylglycerol contents, decreased activation of PKCε in the liver, as well as improved insulin signaling (Camporez et al, 2013b). Interestingly, in humans, FGF21 plasma levels increase in situations of insulin resistance such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and NAFLD (Chavez et al, 2009;Dushay et al, 2010;Li et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2008). This increase in FGF21 plasma levels may reflect a state of FGF21 resistance.…”

Assessment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease using serum total cell death and apoptosis markers

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] 21,22 Our previous study revealed that M30 has high overall accuracy in differentiating NAFLD from control subjects and moderate accuracy in differentiating NASH from simple steatosis. 20 Recent studies suggest that other cell death markers may also be useful in the prediction of NASH.…”