Fibroblast Growth Factor-based Signaling through Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Blocks Copolymers Studied Using High Cell Density Three-dimensional Cell Printing

Sterner, Eric; Masuko, Sayaka; Li, Guoyun; Li, Lingyun; Green, Dixy E.; Otto, Nigel J.; Xu, Yongmei; DeAngelis, Paul L.; Liu, Jian; Dordick, Jonathan S.; Linhardt, Robert J.

doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.546937

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Murine primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells are able to export S1P, although at a lower rate than ECs ( 57,105,106 ). Moreover, plasma S1P concentration is reduced after partial hepatectomy in mice, upon the development of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fi brosis in rats, and in chronic hepatitis C patients ( 105,107 ).…”

Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 90%

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Sources, metabolism, and regulation of circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate

Książek

Chacińska

Chabowski

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

127

126

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Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This increase may result from several effects. First of all, isolated murine hepatocytes and HepG2 cells overexpressing apoM are characterized by enhanced export of S1P ( 105,106 ). However, apoM overexpression not only stimulates S1P release from hepatocytes, but also protects it from degradation by ecto-phosphatase ( 105 ).…”

Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources, metabolism, and regulation of circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate

Książek

Chacińska

Chabowski

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

127

126

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“…Unfortunately, the experiments that could determine unequivocally the origins of specificity cannot be conducted at present for several reasons, which include the need to test vast numbers of structural variants in their pure forms [52]. It is the ability to separate these species in sufficient quantities when using natural HS as a source, despite some progress [53][54][55][56], rather than the problem of sequencing them per se, which hinders progress.…”

Section: Experimental Tools: Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heparan sulfate and heparin interactions with proteins

Meneghetti

Hughes

Rudd

et al. 2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

256

241

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Heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides are ubiquitous components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix of all multicellular animals, whereas heparin is present within mast cells and can be viewed as a more sulfated, tissuespecific, HS variant. HS and heparin regulate biological processes through interactions with a large repertoire of proteins. Owing to these interactions and diverse effects observed during in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments, manifold biological/pharmacological activities have been attributed to them. The properties that have been thought to bestow protein binding and biological activity upon HS and heparin vary from high levels of sequence specificity to a dependence on charge. In contrast to these opposing opinions, we will argue that the evidence supports both a level of redundancy and a degree of selectivity in the structure-activity relationship. The relationship between this apparent redundancy, the multi-dentate nature of heparin and HS polysaccharide chains, their involvement in protein networks and the multiple binding sites on proteins, each possessing different properties, will also be considered. Finally, the role of cations in modulating HS/heparin activity will be reviewed and some of the implications for structure-activity relationships and regulation will be discussed.

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“…This strategy is now used to synthesize structurally homogeneous ultra-low molecular weight heparins, low-molecular weight heparins 14,15 and heterogeneous heparin-like polysaccharides. 41,42 A novel strategy to utilize a series of unnatural sugar nucleotides to synthesize heparin-like oligosaccharide was recently proposed by Chen and coworkers. 43 Here, the 6-hydroxyl group of GlcN was substituted by an azido group to synthesize sugar nucleotides, including UDP-[6-azido]GlcNAc or UDP- [6-azio]GlcNTFA.…”

Section: Enzymes Involved In the Chemoenzymatic Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparan sulfate and heparin

Zhou

O’Leary

et al. 2012

Biocatalysis and Biotransformation

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Heparan sulfate is a polysaccharide that plays essential physiological functions in the animal kingdom. Heparin, a highly sulfated form of heparan sulfate, is a widely prescribed anticoagulant drug worldwide. The heparan sulfate and heparin isolated from natural sources are highly heterogeneous mixtures differing in polysaccharide chain lengths and sulfation patterns. The access to structurally defined heparan sulfate and heparin is critically important to probe the contribution of specific sulfated saccharide structures to biological functions as well as for the development of the next generation of heparin-based anticoagulant drugs. The synthesis of heparan sulfate and heparin, using a purely chemical approach, has proven extremely difficult, especially for targets larger than octasaccharides having a high degree of site-specific sulfation. A new chemoenzymatic method has emerged as an effective alternative approach. This method utilizes recombinant heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes combined with unnatural uridine diphosphate-monosaccharide donors. Recent examples demonstrate the successful synthesis of ultra-low molecular weight heparin, low-molecular weight heparin and bioengineered heparin with unprecedented efficiency. The new method opens the opportunity to develop improved heparinbased therapeutics.

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Fibroblast Growth Factor-based Signaling through Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Blocks Copolymers Studied Using High Cell Density Three-dimensional Cell Printing

Cited by 27 publications

References 62 publications

Sources, metabolism, and regulation of circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate

Sources, metabolism, and regulation of circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate

Heparan sulfate and heparin interactions with proteins

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparan sulfate and heparin

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