Fibroblast growth on surface‐modified dental implants: An in vitro study

Abstract

A major consideration in designing dental implants is the creation of a surface that provides strong attachment between the implant and bone, connective tissue, or epithelium. In addition, it is important to inhibit the adherence of oral bacteria on titanium surfaces exposed to the oral cavity to maintain plaque-free implants. Previous in vitro studies have shown that titanium implant surfaces coated with titanium nitride (TiN) reduced bacterial colonization compared to other clinically used implant surfaces. The aim of the present study was to examine the support of fibroblast growth by a TiN surface that has antimicrobial characteristics. Mouse fibroblasts were cultured on smooth titanium discs that were either magnetron-sputtered with a thin layer of titanium nitride, thermal oxidized, or modified with laser radiation (using a Nd-YAG laser). The resulting surface topography was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface roughness was estimated using a two-dimensional contact stylus profilometer. A protein assay (BCA assay) and a colorimetric assay to examine fibroblast metabolism (MTT) were used. Cellular morphology and cell spreading were analyzed using SEM and fluorescence microscopy. Fibroblasts on oxidized titanium surfaces showed a more spherical shape, whereas cells on laser-treated titanium and on TiN appeared intimately adherent to the surface. The MTT activity and total protein were significantly increased in fibroblasts cultured on titanium surfaces coated with TiN compared to all other surface modifications tested. This study suggests that a titanium nitride coating might be suitable to support tissue growth on implant surfaces.

Titanium Nitride and Nitrogen Ion Implanted Coated Dental Materials

“…In vitro and in vivo results show that TiN coatings do not have an adverse effect on this vital property. In vitro studies demonstrated that cell adhesion was no different between coated and uncoated Ti surfaces employing either mouse [24] or human gingival fibroblasts [25], while proliferation of human osteoblasts increased on TiNO x -coated titanium surfaces compared to uncoated controls [3]. Similar results were found by other studies applying bone marrow human mesenchymal stem cells [38] and bone marrow human stromal cells [4].…”

Biocompatibility of orthodontic bands following exposure to dental plaque

“…As stated by Groessner-Schreiber et al [14] and Eisenbarth et al [9] cell morphology changes during adhesion to different surfaces. Ideally, cells flatten onto the material's surface, extend filopodia and form focal adhesion sites.…”

Relative Contributions of Surface Roughness and Crystalline Structure to the Biocompatibility of Titanium Nitride and Titanium Oxide Coatings Deposited by PVD and TPS Coatings

“…MG63 human osteoblast-like cell lines were found to attach with high affinity to the sample surfaces in the order of hydroxyfluoride coated, TiN coated, smooth Ti, diamondlike carbon coated, SLA (sandblasted large grit and acid etched) treated, and hydroxyapatite thin coated surfaces [46]. An in vitro study with mouse fibroblasts had revealed that MTT activities and total protein contents were significantly increased on TiN coated polished Ti surfaces compared to the thermally oxidized and laser radiation structured surfaces [47]. In another study, glass sheets coated with Ti and TiN presented the highest number of focal adhesion contacts (FACs) of human gingival fibroblasts as a proof of good adhesion [48].…”