Fibronectin EIIIA splicing variant: A useful contribution to forensic wounding interval estimation

Animal experimentation in forensic sciences: How far have we come?

“…It is surprising how many details are omitted by various authors, even the number of animals used, and whether the animal was anesthetized and if so how it was euthanized. Table 2 shows the correlation between the species involved in the experiments, specific fields of research and type of anesthesia: experiments where anesthesia is not used or mentioned concern wound assessment [35], toxicology [36,37,38,39,40,41,42] and sometimes taphonomy/post mortem interval [43,44,45]; experiments as well as painful procedures involve traumatic injuries [46,47,48], asphyxia [49], hypothermia [50,51] and even psychological stress [52,53]) where the authors provide no specific information on treatment of the animals. Moreover the numbers reported in Table 2 are underestimated since the exact number of animals recruited for some studies is sometimes not mentioned.…”

Analysis of Fibronectin and TGF-β1 Immunoexpression to Determination of Wound Vitality in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Penilaian yang tepat dalam menentukan interval luka sangat membantu dalam penyelidikan kasus kriminal sehingga sangat penting membedakan luka antemortal dan luka posmortal. 9,12 Apabila diketahui bahwa luka atau trauma terjadi antemortal maka harus ditentukan pula waktu terjadinya luka sebelum kematian. 2,8,[12][13] Diagnosis banding antara luka antemortal dan posmortal dapat dengan mudah dibedakan secara makroskopis ataupun melalui pemeriksaan histopatologi apabila waktu antara terjadinya luka dengan interval kematian cukup lama.…”

Forensic molecular pathology of violent deaths

“…The diagnosis is usually not difficult, referring to classic morphological findings of vital reaction involving bleeding with clots and/or tissue injury with inflammatory cell infiltrations. With respect to these, the usefulness of immunohistochemical and biochemical detections of chemical mediators and inflammatory cell markers that contribute to serial inflammatory reactions has been reported [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. However, a precise interpretation may be difficult in a death immediately after an insult leaving no definite morphological signs of vital reactions.…”

“…In forensic pathology, however, precise analyses of serial changes are required based on the findings at the time of death. For this purpose, previous studies have provided an abundance of immunohistochemical and biochemical data with relevance to classical pathomorphology, including serial expressions of apoptosis and inflammatory response markers [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. Considering the biological characteristics of mRNA expressions, analyses of molecular biological changes prior to the appearance of gene products, combined with immunohistochemistry of the products, are effective; animal studies suggested time-dependent expressions of cytokine and chemokine mRNAs after skin injury [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64].…”