Fiction and the Law

Abstract

Law and literature have been two of the most powerful discourses in the construction of social reality. The relationship between the two has emerged as a vital area of study, as literary representation has proved immensely influential in framing popular understanding of law. In Fiction and the Law: Legal Discourse in Victorian and Modernist Literature Kieran Dolin examines the dialectical interplay between legal discourse and the novel in the century between Walter Scott and E. M. Forster, the period when the institution of the law was undergoing radical reform and the novel was at the peak of its cultural power. Dolin's comprehensive study argues that this cultural power is attributable in part to the novel's critical engagement with the law. His study draws on legal and literary theory to trace this important convergence of disciplines in a series of canonical Victorian and Modernist texts.

Mechanism of Graphite Electrode Fluorinated in 2.4NaF/AlF3–Al2O3Melt at 1373 K

“…2 Owing to the high global warming potentials of CF 4 and C 2 F 6 3 and the fact that the primary aluminum industry is the major anthropogenic source of CF 4 and C 2 F 6 , 4 the Environmental Protection Agency and the primary aluminum producers have established the Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership (VAIP) with the goal of substantially reducing PFC emission. 5 To gain a better understanding of the mechanism of CF 4 and C 2 F 6 generation, the anodic behaviors of carbonaceous electrodes have been widely studied in recent decades. The traditional view mentioned that fluorine ions react with carbon anodes to directly generate CF 4 and C 2 F 6 during the anode effect.…”

“…[8][9][10][11] COF 2 is considered an intermediate product prior to the anode effect, then, it decomposes to form CF 4 and C 2 F 6 . The reactions are described as 2Na 3 AlF 6 + Al 2 O 3 + 3C = 3COF 2 + 6NaF + 4Al E 1373K = 1.81 V [4] 2COF 2 = CO 2 + CF 4 lg K 1373K = −0.176 [5] 3COF 2 + 2C = 3CO + C 2 F 6 lg K 1373K = −1.351 [6] Another view of a solid "CF" film formed during the anode effect in cryolite-alumina molten-salt systems has also been proposed. 1,12,13 This view suggests that F − anions discharge on the carbon anode to form graphite fluoride ((CF x ) n , 0.5 ≤ x < 1.2); meanwhile, (CF x ) n immediately decomposes into CF 4 and C 2 F 6 .…”

Sensing of Halocarbons Using Femtosecond Laser-Induced Fluorescence

“…Pollutants of particular interest are halogenated alkanes (CFCs, halons, HCFCs, HFCs, PFCs), mainly because of their central role in ozone layer depletion and global warming. − The monitoring of halogenated alkanes at or near ground level can be done routinely using a variety of sensitive and selective analysis techniques, often using on-site air sampling and off-line gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (GC/MIP-AES), , or flame ionization detection (GC/FID) . On-line, in situ approaches have also been proposed, using, for example, open-path spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and tunable diode laser infrared spectroscopy (TDLAS) to provide the advantage of in situ measurements by propagating a light beam through the system to be monitored and using the absorption “fingerprint” of halogenated alkanes in the infrared region from 7 to 12.5 μm. − …”