Fidelity of synthesis of preribosomal RNA in isolated nucleoli and nucleolar chromatin.

Ballal, N.R.; Youngik, Choi; Mouche, R; Busche, H

doi:10.1073/pnas.74.6.2446

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…RNA synthesis in isolated Physarum nuclei maintains a high degree of fidelity with regard to transcription of rDNA coding regions and exclusion of most of the central spacer region. Using a variety of criteria for evaluation, several workers have reported the fidelity of rDNA transcription in the nuclei of several organisms (Zylber & Penman, 1971;Reeder & Roeder, 1972;Ballal et al, 1977). Upon hybridizing either total labeled nuclear RNA or HS-nRNA to Hpal restriction fragments (Figure 4), it can be seen that fragments of 5.9 and 3.2 kb, located within the central spacer, are not transcribed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation of transcription of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid sequences in isolated nuclei of Physarum polycephalum: studies using nucleoside 5'-[.gamma.-S]triphosphates and labeled precursors

Sun¹,

Johnson²,

Allfrey³

1979

Biochemistry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation of transcription of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid sequences in isolated nuclei of Physarum polycephalum: studies using nucleoside 5'-[.gamma.-S]triphosphates and labeled precursors

Sun¹,

Johnson²,

Allfrey³

1979

Biochemistry

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“…The appearance of a similar number of spots displayed in the same characteristic fashion on the homochromatogram (Fig. 2) shows that the RNA transcribed in vitro closely resembles the RNA labeled in vivo (2). This technique differentiates specific and random transcripts inasmuch as the transcripts obtained from nucleolar chromatin in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Homochromatography fingerprinting of RNA transcribed from the DNP pellet obtained after treatment of nucleoli with sodium deoxycholate. vitro by E. coli RNA polymerase have a totally random pattern (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The localization of ribosomal gene expression and the enzymes responsible for rDNA transcription in nucleoli offers a partial fractionation of components of ribosomal gene expression. Although rDNA comprises only about 0.5% of nucleolar DNA, the only known gene product of nucleolus, either in vivo or in vitro, is preribosomal RNA (1,2). Hence, it is likely that there are mechanisms in the nucleolus that would promote only the transcription of rDNA while the bulk of the nucleolar DNA is represseA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on the specificity of preribosomal RNA transcription in nucleoli after selective deproteinization

et al. 1979

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Fidelity of preribosomal RNA transcription in vitro was studied after selective deproteinization of nucleoli using either sequential salt extraction or sodium deoxycholate treatment. Homochromatography fingerprinting and identification of marker oligonucleotides from a T1 ribonuclease digest of the transcripts were used to evaluate the RNA products. These studies indicated that: (1) nucleoli retained their endogenous RNA polymerase I activity and the specificity of transcription up to 0.6 M NaCl extraction; (2) exogenous RNA polymerase I transcribed nucleolar chromatin only after 1.0 M NaCl extraction and the transcription pattern, like that of totally deproteinized DNA, was completely random; (3) extraction of nucleoli with deoxycholate resulted in a DNP complex in which the endogenous RNA polymerase I transcribed pre-rRNA specifically; however, it also initiated random transcription, producing a "mixed" fingerprint pattern on the homochromatogram. The random transcription was selectively inhibited either by deoxycholate or rifampicin AF/013. These studies indicate that the selectivity of pre-rRNA transcription is due both to the endogenous RNA polymerase I molecules that were involved in transcription in vivo and are tightly bound to the template and to factors in intact nucleoli which prevent random transcription by the released RNA polymerase I molecules.

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“…In the nucleolus, tandemly repeated 45S ribosomal RNA genes (or rDNA) are transcribed to form 45S nascent pre-rRNA (Ballal et al, 1977). Each prerRNA is cleaved and processed to form the 18S, 5.8S and 25S rRNA molecules which are essential for the formation of ribosomes (Shaw and Jordan, 1995).…”

Section: Rdna Chromatin and The Organisation Of The Nucleolusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of rDNA silencing and the Nucleolar Remodelling Complex (NoRC)

McKeown¹

2014

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

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Protein synthesis in living cells requires functional ribosomes which are composed of ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules. rRNA is transcribed from tandemly repeated ribosomal DNA (rDNA) which is organised into a nuclear compartment termed the nucleolus in S-phase cells. It is essential that rDNA transcription is properly regulated in order to meet the cell's requirements for ribosomes and hence protein synthesis without wasting metabolic energy. In the last twenty years many proteins involved in regulating this process have been identified, suggesting that most organisms contain multiple protein complexes that regulate rDNA packaging and transcription. Importantly, it has become clear that errors in the function of these proteins can permit aberrant cellular growth, including in several classes of cancer. In this review, I discuss the history of how protein complexes such as the Nucleolar Remodelling Complex (NoRC) were discovered, using examples from humans and from model research organisms from different biological groups. I will discuss recent discoveries of the critical roles of rDNA-binding complexes in nucleolar assembly, the widespread occurrence of regulatory non-coding RNAs which interact with these complexes, and the pathways which regulate rDNA transcription in response to cellular energy status. Finally, I will review the growing evidence that misregulation of rDNA transcription not only allows the growth of cancerous cells, but can trigger oncogenesis itself.

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Fidelity of synthesis of preribosomal RNA in isolated nucleoli and nucleolar chromatin.

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Initiation of transcription of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid sequences in isolated nuclei of Physarum polycephalum: studies using nucleoside 5'-[.gamma.-S]triphosphates and labeled precursors

Initiation of transcription of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid sequences in isolated nuclei of Physarum polycephalum: studies using nucleoside 5'-[.gamma.-S]triphosphates and labeled precursors

Studies on the specificity of preribosomal RNA transcription in nucleoli after selective deproteinization

Mechanisms of rDNA silencing and the Nucleolar Remodelling Complex (NoRC)

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