“…Summarizing historical and modern literature, some virtues recur. In particular, compassion was discussed oftentimes to play a central role (e.g., Lopez and Dyck, 2009;Gelhaus, 2012;Aramesh, 2017) as well as courage (e.g., Shelp, 1984;Fugelli, 1999;Begley, 2008), altruism (e.g., Bishop and Rees, 2007), humility (e.g., Coulehan, 2011;DuBois et al, 2013), hope (e.g., Bryan, 2007;Miller, 2012), and practical wisdom (e.g., Corcoran et al, 2016;Bain, 2018). Professionalism in other countries or cultures is partially focusing on other values like in Korea, where physicians evaluated duties (e.g., responsibility, veracity) to be of higher importance than virtues (e.g., altruism; Kim and Choi, 2015).…”