Field Analytical Chemistry

Lopez-Avila, Viorica; Hill, Herbert H.

doi:10.1021/a19700121

Cited by 72 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…gases forced by electric field, called ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), is becoming common in analytical and structural chemistry (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). As with mass spectrometry (MS), initial applications were to small molecules (1,5,7) that could be readily ionized.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As with mass spectrometry (MS), initial applications were to small molecules (1,5,7) that could be readily ionized. Coupling to MS and to electrospray (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) ion sources in the 1990s (8,9) brought IMS to biological analyses (2,4,6).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Application of IMS and IMS/MS is expanding to ever-larger macromolecules, including noncovalent assemblies with mass (m) Ͼ 1 MDa (16)(17)(18). Such studies have used both drift tube (DT) IMS (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) and differential mobility analyzers (DMA) (17,18) to separate ions by absolute mobility (K). In DT IMS, ions are separated while being pulled through still gas by an electric field.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pendular proteins in gases and new avenues for characterization of macromolecules by ion mobility spectrometry

Shvartsburg

Noskov

Purves

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

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Polar molecules align in electric fields when the dipole energy (proportional to field intensity E ؋ dipole moment p) exceeds the thermal rotational energy. Small molecules have low p and align only at inordinately high E or upon extreme cooling. Many biomacromolecules and ions are strong permanent dipoles that align at E achievable in gases and room temperature. The collision cross-sections of aligned ions with gas molecules generally differ from orientationally averaged quantities, affecting ion mobilities measured in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Field asymmetric waveform IMS (FAIMS) separates ions by the difference between mobilities at high and low E and hence can resolve and identify macroion conformers based on the mobility difference between pendular and free rotor states. The exceptional sensitivity of that difference to ion geometry and charge distribution holds the potential for a powerful method for separation and characterization of macromolecular species. Theory predicts that the pendular alignment of ions in gases at any E requires a minimum p that depends on the ion mobility, gas pressure, and temperature. At ambient conditions used in current FAIMS systems, p for realistic ions must exceed Ϸ300 -400 Debye. The dipole moments of proteins statistically increase with increasing mass, and such values are typical above Ϸ30 kDa. As expected for the dipole-aligned regime, FAIMS analyses of protein ions and complexes of Ϸ30 -130 kDa show an order-of-magnitude expansion of separation space compared with smaller proteins and other ions. mass spectrometry ͉ protein structure S eparation and characterization of ions by using their drift in gases forced by electric field, called ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), is becoming common in analytical and structural chemistry (1-6). As with mass spectrometry (MS), initial applications were to small molecules (1, 5, 7) that could be readily ionized. Coupling to MS and to electrospray (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) ion sources in the 1990s (8, 9) brought IMS to biological analyses (2, 4, 6). In particular, peptide and protein folding (2, 4, 9-14) and amyloidogenic misfolding (15) were explored. Application of IMS and IMS/MS is expanding to ever-larger macromolecules, including noncovalent assemblies with mass (m) Ͼ 1 MDa (16-18). Such studies have used both drift tube (DT) IMS (1-5, 7-15) and differential mobility analyzers (DMA) (17, 18) to separate ions by absolute mobility (K). In DT IMS, ions are separated while being pulled through still gas by an electric field. In DMA (17-19) ions traverse a space between 2 electrodes while being displaced laterally by gas flow. Only ions of specific K (determined by the voltage across the gap and flow speed) exit the gap, and mobility spectra are obtained by scanning the voltage.Recently, field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) or differential mobility spectrometry has emerged as a major analytical tool (6,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). FAIMS filters ions based on th...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Pendular proteins in gases and new avenues for characterization of macromolecules by ion mobility spectrometry

Shvartsburg

Noskov

Purves

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

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“…This is evidenced in recent reviews of field analytical techniques [7] and advances in miniaturization of mass spectrometers [8]. Accordingly, we have chosen a modular approach for development of immersion mass spectrometers.…”

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Underwater mass spectrometers for in situ chemical analysis of the hydrosphere

Short

Fries

Kerr

et al. 2001

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Underwater mass spectrometry systems can be used for direct in situ detection of volatile organic compounds and dissolved gases in oceans, lakes, rivers and waste-water streams. In this work we describe the design and operation of (1) a linear quadrupole mass filter and (2) a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer interfaced, in each case, with a membrane introduction/fluid control system and packaged for underwater operation. These mass spectrometry systems can operate autonomously, or under user control via a wireless rf link. Detection limits for each system were determined in the laboratory using pure solutions. The quadrupole mass filter system provides detection limits in the 1-5 ppb range with an upper mass limit of 100 amu. Its power requirement is approximately 95 Watts. The ion trap system has detection limits well below 1 ppb, an upper mass limit of 650 amu and MS/MS capability. Its power consumption is on the order of 150 Watts. The present membrane limits analysis to non-polar compounds (Ͻ300 amu) with analysis cycles of 5-15 minutes. Deployments of both types of instruments are described, along with a discussion of the challenges associated with in-water mass spectrometry and descriptions of alternative in-water mass spectrometer configurations. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2001, 12, 676 -682 ) © 2001 American Society for Mass Spectrometry S tandard methods for analysis of aqueous systems typically involve collection of samples and delivery to a laboratory for analysis [1]. Inherent in this practice is the possibility of both contamination and loss of analytes, particularly in the case of highly reactive or volatile species. In addition, this type of sampling severely limits both spatial and temporal sampling densities. A particularly important limitation of long collection/analysis cycles is the inability to implement adaptive sampling. Appropriate monitoring of dynamic biogeochemical systems requires rapid sampling adaptations in response to rapidly varying analyte distributions [2]. Intelligent sampling strategies are required to adequately characterize vast bodies of water that influence, and are influenced by, human activities. Since mass spectrometry is arguably the most versatile of chemical sensors, we have undertaken development of in situ mass spectrometry systems capable of real-time, adaptive in-water analyses.Although mass spectrometry has been used in the laboratory for an extremely wide variety of chemical analyses, from precise isotopic ratio measurements [3] to DNA sequencing [4 -6], no single configuration of mass analyzer and sample interface is appropriate for all types of measurements. This is evidenced in recent reviews of field analytical techniques [7] and advances in miniaturization of mass spectrometers [8]. Accordingly, we have chosen a modular approach for development of immersion mass spectrometers. Initially, simpler designs are used to integrate available components, and simultaneously new subsystems are being developed for evolving reconfigurations capable of accessing a w...

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“…I on mobility spectrometry (IMS) permits the simple and rapid determination of volatile organic compounds by fieldable and transportable devices [1,2]. It is successfully used to detect warfare agents [3], explosives [4], environmental contaminations [5], narcotics and other drugs [6,7], and natural materials [8].…”

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Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization studies of non-polar isomeric hydrocarbons using ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry with different ionization techniques

Borsdorf

Nazarov

Eiceman

2002

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The ionization pathways were determined for sets of isomeric non-polar hydrocarbons (structural isomers, cis/trans isomers) using ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry with different techniques of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization to assess the influence of structural features on ion formation. Depending on the structural features, different ions were observed using mass spectrometry. Unsaturated hydrocarbons formed mostlywere found for saturated cis/trans isomers using photoionization and 63 Ni ionization. These ionization methods and corona discharge ionization were used for ion mobility measurements of these compounds. Different ions were detected for compounds with different structural features. 63 Ni ionization and photoionization provide comparable ions for every set of isomers. The product ions formed can be clearly attributed to the structures identified. However, differences in relative abundance of product ions were found. Although corona discharge ionization permits the most sensitive detection of non-polar hydrocarbons, the spectra detected are complex and differ from those obtained with 63 Ni ionization and photoionization. (J Am Soc

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Field Analytical Chemistry

Cited by 72 publications

References 165 publications

Pendular proteins in gases and new avenues for characterization of macromolecules by ion mobility spectrometry

Pendular proteins in gases and new avenues for characterization of macromolecules by ion mobility spectrometry

Underwater mass spectrometers for in situ chemical analysis of the hydrosphere

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization studies of non-polar isomeric hydrocarbons using ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry with different ionization techniques

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