Field and model analysis of the effect of water deficits on carbon and nitrogen accumulation by soybean, cowpea and black gram

Sinclair, Thomas R.; Muchow, R.C.; Ludlow, M. M.; Leach, GJ; Lawn, R. J.; Foale, M. A.

doi:10.1016/0378-4290(87)90087-6

Cited by 86 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Within sowing dates simulated crop water use often did not vary much and FESW would appear to be a much better discriminator of stress. Many crop simulation models use FESW (or fraction of transpirable soil water, fraction of available soil water) as there is a consistency in plant responses across a wide of conditions (Sinclair et al, 1987) and as such FESW is a useful physiological (stress) index.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DSSAT-CROPGRO-peanut is a process oriented, mechanistic crop growth simulation model that simulates daily water balance, soil temperatures, and plant water deficits in response to weather inputs, soil characteristics, plant growth characteristics and crop management practices . This model has been successfully used to simulate soil water balance and fraction of extractable soil water (FESW), which is strongly related to physiological activity (Sinclair et al, 1987), for sandy soils in West Africa (Naab et al, 2004) and India (Singh et al, 1994). CROPGRO-peanut is particularly suited to predicting aflatoxin as it 'grows' cohorts of pods, allowing temporal effects on individual pods to be modelled and accumulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drought, pod yield, pre-harvest Aspergillus infection and aflatoxin contamination on peanut in Niger

Craufurd

Prasad

Waliyar

et al. 2006

Field Crops Research

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Soil moisture and soil temperature affect pre-harvest infection with Aspergillus flavus and production of aflatoxin. The objectives of our field research in Niger, West Africa, were to: (i) examine the effects of sowing date and irrigation treatments on pod yield, infection with A. flavus and aflatoxin concentration; and (ii) to quantify relations between infection, aflatoxin concentration and soil moisture stress. Seed of an aflatoxin susceptible peanut cv. JL24 was sown at two to four different sowing dates under four irrigation treatments (rainfed and irrigation at 7, 14 and 21 days intervals) between 1991 and 1994, giving 40 different 'environments'. Average air and soil temperatures of 28-34 8C were favourable for aflatoxin contamination. CROPGRO-peanut model was used to simulate the occurrence of moisture stress. The model was able to simulate yields of peanut well over the 40 environments (r 2 = 0.67). In general, early sowing produced greater pod yields, as well as less infection and lower aflatoxin concentration. There were negative linear relations between infection (r 2 = 0.62) and the average simulated fraction of extractable soil water (FESW) between flowering and harvest, and between aflatoxin concentration (r 2 = 0.54) and FESW in the last 25 days of pod-filling. This field study confirms that infection and aflatoxin concentration in peanut can be related to the occurrence of soil moisture stress during pod-filling when soil temperatures are near optimal for A. flavus. These relations could form the basis of a decisionsupport system to predict the risk of aflatoxin contamination in peanuts in similar environments. #

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought, pod yield, pre-harvest Aspergillus infection and aflatoxin contamination on peanut in Niger

Craufurd

Prasad

Waliyar

et al. 2006

Field Crops Research

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“…This breakpoint could be explained by the high slope of Tr response to VPD in these two sensitive genotypes. The water savings associated with lower leaf conductance and limiting maximum transpiration rates would be especially important in legumes like chickpea where N 2 fixation rates are particularly sensitive to water deficits (Guafa et al 1993, Sinclair et al 1987) and may have a significant impact on the final yield. Another interesting finding regarding the regulation of leaf water loss was that tolerant genotypes exhibited a trend of higher transpiration rate at early podding stage (Fig.…”

Section: Variation In Canopy Conductance Under Well-watered Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chickpea genotypes contrasting for seed yield under terminal drought stress in the field differ for traits related to the control of water use

Zaman-Allah

Jenkinson

Vadez

2011

Functional Plant Biol.

168

133

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Chickpea is often exposed to terminal drought, and deep and profuse rooting has been proposed as the main breeding target to improve the terminal drought tolerance. This work was carried out to test whether plant water use at vegetative stage and under non water limiting conditions could relate to the degree of sensitivity of chickpea to terminal drought. Transpiration response to a range of vapor pressure deficits under controlled and outdoors conditions was measured together with canopy conductance (Gs) using gravimetric measurements and thermal imagery in 8 chickpea genotypes with comparable phenology and contrasting seed yield under terminal drought in the field. Additionally, response of plant growth and transpiration to progressive soil moisture depletion was assayed in the same genotypes. Tolerant genotypes had overall a lower canopy conductance under fully irrigated conditions at vegetative stage, and this trend was reversed at early pod filling stage. While two sensitive entries had clearly high early growth vigor and leaf development, there was a trend of lower growth in tolerant genotypes under progressive soil drying than sensitive ones. Tolerant genotypes also exhibited a decline of transpiration in wetter soil than sensitive genotypes. Canopy conductance could be proxied by measurement of leaf temperature with an infrared camera, although the relationship lost sensitivity at pod filling stage. This work strongly suggests that there are traits that contribute to water saving when water is still not limiting plant growth and development in drought tolerant chickpea. It is hypothesized that this water would be available and then critical for the reproduction / grain filling stages.

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“…In agriculture, NUE is defined as a ratio of biomass production to input of nutrient fertiliser. NUE can be expressed as crop yield (biomass or crop harvest) per unit of N available in the soil (Moll et al 1982), dry matter produced per N content in the plant (Good et al 2004), or the proportion of N taken up and metabolised by plants as a fraction of totally available N. Due to their ability to obtain N from symbiotic fixation of atmospheric N 2 , legumes can accumulate large amounts of N in non-fertilised soil; for example, in well watered conditions~65 and 85% of the total N content of cowpea and soybean plants, respectively, can be attributed to N fixation (Sinclair et al 1987). The main source of N changes for plants between the vegetative phase and the reproductive phase (Hirel et al 2007).…”

Section: Nitrogen Use Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rubisco degradation) increases at later stages, generally after flowering. N fixation during seed filling varies among different species (Sinclair et al 1987). Breeding strategies to improve NUE are, therefore, directed to optimisation of physiological or structural properties related to N uptake, assimilation or remobilisation (Hirel et al 2007;MasclauxDaubresse et al 2010;Kant et al 2011).…”

Section: Nitrogen Use Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive approaches for phenotyping of enhanced performance traits in bean

Rascher

Bloßfeld

Fiorani

et al. 2011

Functional Plant Biol.

124

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Abstract. Plant phenotyping is an emerging discipline in plant biology. Quantitative measurements of functional and structural traits help to better understand gene-environment interactions and support breeding for improved resource use efficiency of important crops such as bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Here we provide an overview of state-of-the-art phenotyping approaches addressing three aspects of resource use efficiency in plants: belowground roots, aboveground shoots and transport/allocation processes. We demonstrate the capacity of high-precision methods to measure plant function or structural traits non-invasively, stating examples wherever possible. Ideally, high-precision methods are complemented by fast and high-throughput technologies. High-throughput phenotyping can be applied in the laboratory using automated data acquisition, as well as in the field, where imaging spectroscopy opens a new path to understand plant function noninvasively. For example, we demonstrate how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can resolve root structure and separate root systems under resource competition, how automated fluorescence imaging (PAM fluorometry) in combination with automated shape detection allows for high-throughput screening of photosynthetic traits and how imaging spectrometers can be used to quantify pigment concentration, sun-induced fluorescence and potentially photosynthetic quantum yield. We propose that these phenotyping techniques, combined with mechanistic knowledge on plant structure-function relationships, will open new research directions in whole-plant ecophysiology and may assist breeding for varieties with enhanced resource use efficiency varieties.

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Field and model analysis of the effect of water deficits on carbon and nitrogen accumulation by soybean, cowpea and black gram

Cited by 86 publications

References 24 publications

Drought, pod yield, pre-harvest Aspergillus infection and aflatoxin contamination on peanut in Niger

Drought, pod yield, pre-harvest Aspergillus infection and aflatoxin contamination on peanut in Niger

Chickpea genotypes contrasting for seed yield under terminal drought stress in the field differ for traits related to the control of water use

Non-invasive approaches for phenotyping of enhanced performance traits in bean

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