Field assessment of thermal behaviour of social housing apartments in Bilbao, Northern Spain

Energy and economic assessment of the envelope retrofitting in residential buildings in Northern Spain

“…A thoughtful analysis of the building stock was recently carried out and presented in [20]. As a conclusion of that analysis, a multifamily building located in a significant district of Bilbao, known as Otxarkoaga, was selected as representative of the building stock of the area.…”

Building Energy Assessment and Computer Simulation Applied to Social Housing in Spain

“…The definition provided by the International Energy Agency (IEA) is very similar to that adopted by the Environmental Sciences Association (ACA) in a pioneering Spanish publications [7]. Energy poverty is a particular type of poverty which is principally determined by various factors [8]: the ratio of minimum annual energy expenditure to income in a household [9], the energy efficiency of buildings [10], and finally the (more subjective) perception of comfort level in the dwelling [11].…”

Weather datasets generated using kriging techniques to calibrate building thermal simulations with TRNSYS

“…1 climate for the area (Vigo), located at a latitude of 42.2°N and longitude of 8.69°W, is oceanic. The proximity to the ocean makes summer and winter temperatures rather stable [35]. The average maximum temperature during the summer period is between 27°C and 28°C, and the average minimum temperature in winter ranges from 4°C to 5°C.…”