Field-based application of developed solid phase extraction with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for vanadium speciation analysis of groundwaters from Argentina

Abstract

High levels of vanadium have been reported in groundwater (<0.05-5300μgL V) from different parts of Argentina, yet no detailed study of vanadium speciation has been performed. A highly selective strong anion exchange - solid phase extraction (SAX-SPE) method was used (in-situ) for vanadium speciation analysis of groundwater samples from La Pampa - LP (General San Martin and Eduardo Castex) and Buenos Aires - BA (San German) provinces in Argentina. In this method both vanadyl (V) and vanadate (V) were trapped by the complexation with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on a pre-conditioned SAX cartridge. In the laboratory, vanadium species were separated at different eluent pH levels. V was eluted at pH 4 using methanol and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. V was eluted at pH 8 using dihydrogen ammonium phosphate. The eluted species were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This method was validated using an inter-analytical method comparison with HPLC-ICP-MS. A Paired t-test revealed that there was no significant difference (probability, P<0.05) between the two methods. V was found to be predominate species in both sample collection areas (LP: 69 - 100%, BA: ‎33 - 89% of species) over the range of 158.0 - 4748.0μgL in LP and 88.5 - 504.0μgL in BA. V was found at higher levels (29.0-301.0μgL) in Buenos Aires compared to General San Martin groundwater (4.4 - 161.0μgL). The results enhance the potential knowledge of the speciation of vanadium in terms of water quality and human health.

Investigation of the uptake of molybdenum by plants from Argentinean groundwater

“…Therefore, it has been recommended that individual stakeholders should establish their own limits for Mo in drinking water, or at least continue using the former WHO guidelines set at 70 μg/L (Frisbie et al 2015 ). Moreover, elevated levels of arsenic O’Reilly et al 2010 ; Watts et al 2010 ; Jaafar et al 2018 ) and vanadium (Al-Rawahi and Ward 2017 ) have also been found in surface and groundwater of Argentina, including the province of La Pampa.…”

Field method for preservation of total mercury in waters, including those associated with artisanal scale gold mining

“…Previous work for the preservation of other metals (arsenic, As and vanadium, V) has shown the usefulness of SPE techniques in sampling and stabilisation of metals in water samples. [27][28][29] Signicant losses of V data are reported over less than 1 week of storage, which can limit sample collection for many studies. An optimised SPE-based sampling method was developed, improving sample storage to up to 2 weeks with recoveries of 95-101% V(IV) and V(V) from river water samples.…”

“…This may range from hours to weeks depending on the sampling environment and location, so Hg must be eluted with good recovery aer at least a 4 weeks period. Similar characteristics were used in previous literature related to SPE as a sampling technique, [27][28][29] which is representative of necessary parameters for a functional sampling and preservation method for dissolved Hg. The development of an SPE eld method for sampling and preserving Hg from water samples will allow for the determination and monitoring of Hg in waters that affect some of the most vulnerable populations.…”

“…An optimised SPE-based sampling method was developed, improving sample storage to up to 2 weeks with recoveries of 95–101% V( iv ) and V( v ) from river water samples. 29 For As concentrations, there is a known instability of the metal species in a 1 mg L −1 Fe water matrix, often found in rivers and lakes. 30 To avoid this issue, an SPE-based sampling method was developed by Watts et al (2008) and O'Reilly et al (2010) to preserve As( iii ), As( v ), monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid.…”

Elemental Speciation Analysis in Environmental Studies: Latest Trends and Ecological Impact

“…A strong anion exchange SPE method for V in situ speciation analysis in groundwater samples has been reported, with ICP-MS detection [103]. In this work, the SPE cartridges were preconditioned with EDTA and V(V) was eluted by an aqueous solution of NH 4 H 2 PO 4 .…”