Field-Based Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Marques, Adilson; Henriques‐Neto, Duarte; Martins, João; Gomes, Fernando; Popović, Stevo; Mašanović, Bojan; Demetriou, Yolanda; Schlund, Annegret; Ihle, Andreas

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.640028

Cited by 34 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In this study, the CST significantly improved their standing long jump and vertical jump performance in two tests compared with the CON. The standing long jump and the vertical jump field-tests are typically used to evaluate lower body explosive muscular strength in children and adolescents[ 62 ]. Previous studies utilizing strength training in secondary school PE lessons have found that the lower body muscle strength improves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School‐Based Comprehensive Strength Training Interventions to Improve Muscular Fitness and Perceived Physical Competence in Chinese Male Adolescents

Zhao

Liu

Han

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Purpose. This research was to see how effective and feasible school-based comprehensive strength training programs are in improving muscular fitness and perceived physical competence in Chinese male adolescents. Methods. A total of 123 participants ( 13.46 ± 0.60 years) were randomized to comprehensive strength training intervention group (CST) ( n = 62 ) and the control group (CON) ( n = 61 ). The training sessions were performed three times a week for ten weeks in CST. Muscular fitness (i.e., muscular strength, power, and muscular endurance) and perceived physical competence were assessed at initial testing and final testing. Results.The subjects in the CST significantly improved their mean performance in standing long jump ( p < 0.05 ), vertical jump ( p < 0.05 ), 1 min push-ups ( p < 0.05 ), 1 min sit-ups ( p < 0.05 ), handgrip strength ( p < 0.05 ), and perceived physical competence ( p < 0.05 ) after the intervention. Moreover, the CST were greater in standing long jump ( p < 0.05 ), vertical jump ( p < 0.05 ), 1 min sit-ups ( p < 0.05 ), handgrip strength ( p < 0.05 ), and perceived physical competence ( p < 0.05 ) compared to the CON, but no in 1 min push-ups ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusions. The comprehensive strength training interventions designed in this study can significantly increase male adolescents’ muscular fitness, especially in the lower extremity muscle power and abdominal core endurance, and can enhance their perceived physical competence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School‐Based Comprehensive Strength Training Interventions to Improve Muscular Fitness and Perceived Physical Competence in Chinese Male Adolescents

Zhao

Liu

Han

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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“…Males have higher overall physical fitness z-score values [ 13 ] and better performance compared with females, especially in testing items or sports events related to the strength of lower extremity, speed and endurance (muscle strength, ankle moment/power, dynamic stability, running economy, sprint performance, etc.) [ 14 , 15 , 16 ] Physical function plays an important role in overall health [ 17 ]; thus, the mechanism that causes gender difference should be studied. Whether or not the architectural and mechanical properties of the gMTU are a biomechanical mechanism of the superior physical fitness and exercise performance in males was explored in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Difference in Architectural and Mechanical Properties of Medial Gastrocnemius–Achilles Tendon Unit In Vivo

Deng

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2021

Life

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This study aims to explore whether gender differences exist in the architectural and mechanical properties of the medial gastrocnemius–Achilles tendon unit (gMTU) in vivo. Thirty-six healthy male and female adults without training experience and regular exercise habits were recruited. The architectural and mechanical properties of the gMTU were measured via an ultrasonography system and MyotonPRO, respectively. Independent t-tests were utilized to quantify the gender difference in the architectural and mechanical properties of the gMTU. In terms of architectural properties, the medial gastrocnemius (MG)’s pennation angle and thickness were greater in males than in females, whereas no substantial gender difference was observed in the MG’s fascicle length; the males possessed Achilles tendons (ATs) with a longer length and a greater cross-sectional area than females. In terms of mechanical properties, the MG’s vertical stiffness was lower and the MG’s logarithmic decrement was greater in females than in males. Both genders had no remarkable difference in the AT’s vertical stiffness and logarithmic decrement. Gender differences of individuals without training experience and regular exercise habits exist in the architectural and mechanical properties of the gMTU in vivo. The MG’s force-producing capacities, ankle torque, mechanical efficiency and peak power were higher in males than in females. The load-resisting capacities of AT were greater and the MG strain was lesser in males than in females. These findings suggest that males have better physical fitness, speed and performance in power-based sports events than females from the perspective of morphology and biomechanics.

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“…Body composition is an important component of the health-related physical fitness of children and adolescents ( 1 , 2 ) and, therefore, deserves prominence in the prescription and monitoring of dietary and physical exercise programs. In addition, it is fundamental for the identification and monitoring of nutritional deviations ( 3 – 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Cross-Validation of a Predictive Equation for Fat-Free Mass in Brazilian Adolescents by Bioelectrical Impedance

et al. 2022

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The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is one of the most commonly used techniques for assessing body composition in a clinical setting and in field approaches, as it has the advantages of easy application, fast, and non-invasive, in addition to its relatively low cost. However, the available predictive equations need to be valid for the evaluated subjects. The aim of this study was to verify the validity of several published BIA equations in estimating fat-free mass (FFM) among Brazilian adolescents, in addition to developing and cross-validating a BIA equation to estimate FFM appropriate for Brazilian adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with 257 adolescents (128 girls) aged 10–19 years, randomly divided into two groups, namely, development (n = 172) and cross-validation (n = 85). The standard technique for assessing FFM was dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The paired t-test, multiple regression, and the Bland-Altman plots were used to test the validity of the proposed models and to perform cross-validation of the model. The equation derived in this study was as follows: FFM = −17.189 + 0.498 (Height2/Resistance) + 0.226 Weight + 0.071 Reactance − 2.378 Sex + 0.097 Height + 0.222 Age; r2 = 0.92; standard error of the estimate = 2.49 kg; the new equation for FFM showed better agreement when compared with that of the equations developed in other countries. In conclusion, the newly developed equations provide a valid FFM estimation and are recommended for Brazilian adolescents with similar characteristics.

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Field-Based Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Cited by 34 publications

References 50 publications

School‐Based Comprehensive Strength Training Interventions to Improve Muscular Fitness and Perceived Physical Competence in Chinese Male Adolescents

School‐Based Comprehensive Strength Training Interventions to Improve Muscular Fitness and Perceived Physical Competence in Chinese Male Adolescents

Gender Difference in Architectural and Mechanical Properties of Medial Gastrocnemius–Achilles Tendon Unit In Vivo

Development and Cross-Validation of a Predictive Equation for Fat-Free Mass in Brazilian Adolescents by Bioelectrical Impedance

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