Field Cage Tests with Nomuraea rileyi Against Corn Earworm Larvae on Sweet Corn123

The Effect of Amino Acids on the C14-Sphingosine-Triggered Germination ofNomuraea rileyi, and Surface Amino Acids onSpodoptera lituraFabricius

“…14) By scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the conidia of N. rileyi germinate on the larval integument 6-24 h after inoculation. 9,10) The time required for conidial infection into the host was 16-41 h. 11,12) As found in this study, the germination accelerating effect of C 14 -Sph depends on the quantitative relationship between C 14 -Sph and nutrients (Fig. 2).…”

“…We consider the application of C 14 -Sph, the germination promoter of N. rileyi, as adjuvant for fungal pesticides. For successful infection of an entomopathogenic fungus, nearly 100% humidity 7,8) and an appropriate temperature 9,10) for more than 16 h are required from conidial attachment on the surface of the host to invasion of the insect. 11,12) These requirements are not easily achieved in the field, suggesting that failure of infection in the field is due to these factors.…”

Characterization of a Germination-Accelerating Factor from the Silkworm (Bombyx moriLinnaeus) of Entomopathogenic FungusNomuraea rileyi(Farlow) Samson

“…Successful fungal infection is affected by environmental (e.g., temperature, humidity and sunlight) and biological (e.g., sensitivity and ecdysis) factors. 29) This shows that the conidia of an entomopathogenic fungus attach to and invade an insect only when nearly 100% humidity [30][31][32][33][34] and an appropriate temperature [35][36][37][38][39] are maintained for 16-41 h. [40][41][42] These requirements are not easily achieved in a field environment, and this is considered to be one of the reasons for the unstable effects of fungal pesticides. We have proved that GAF induced the germination of N. rileyi conidia, and it will reduce the time between conidial attachment and their invasion into the insects.…”

The ecology of Nomuraea rileyi (Fungi: Deuteromycotina) and other natural enemies of the green cloverworm in Iowa agroecosystems

“…Mohamed et al (1977) and Mohamed (1982) found that the time to mor tality from N. riieyi infection ranged from six to 12 days for h. zea, and six to 10 days for H. virescens. Mohamed et al (1978a) The survivorship curves of all inoculated GCW age groups were similar.…”

“…In that year, the natural epizo otic in untreated plots occurred after the damage at the sensitive plant stages had been done. Prophylactic use of N. riieyi is feasible if it re duces larval populations below the economic injury levels during the most sensitive soybean growth stages Mohamed et al (1978a). sprayed w. riieyi conidia on sweet corn to evaluate their effectiveness in protecting ears from H..zea damage.…”