Field dependence–independence differently affects retrospective time estimation and flicker-induced time dilation

Teghil, Alice; Boccia, Maddalena; Guariglia, Cecilia

doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05485-3

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Following Tascón and colleagues [ 46 ], since the EFT does not have a scale to divide FIs and FDs and taking into consideration that the individual’s predisposition toward field dependence and field independence is along a continuum, the median-split technique was applied. This method has also been used not only in previous studies on the interplay between FDI and creativity [ 36 , 38 , 47 ] but also in other research areas, including perception [ 48 ], spatial cognition [ 46 ], and problem solving [ 49 ]. Participants were divided by the median-split of the EFT score (average solution times).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationships between Cognitive Styles and Creativity: The Role of Field Dependence-Independence on Visual Creative Production

Giancola

Palmiero

Piccardi

et al. 2022

Behavioral Sciences

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Previous studies explored the relationships between field dependent-independent cognitive style (FDI) and creativity, providing misleading and unclear results. The present research explored this problematic interplay through the lens of the Geneplore model, employing a product-oriented task: the Visual Creative Synthesis Task (VCST). The latter requires creating objects belonging to pre-established categories, starting from triads of visual components and consists of two steps: the preinventive phase and the inventive phase. Following the Amabile’s consensual assessment technique, three independent judges evaluated preinventive structures in terms of originality and synthesis whereas inventions were evaluated in terms of originality and appropriateness. The Embedded Figure Test (EFT) was employed in order to measure the individual’s predisposition toward the field dependence or the field independence. Sixty undergraduate college students (31 females) took part in the experiment. Results revealed that field independent individuals outperformed field dependent ones in each of the four VCST scores, showing higher levels of creativity. Results were discussed in light of the better predisposition of field independent individuals in mental imagery, mental manipulation of abstract objects, as well as in using their knowledge during complex tasks that require creativity. Future research directions were also discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationships between Cognitive Styles and Creativity: The Role of Field Dependence-Independence on Visual Creative Production

Giancola

Palmiero

Piccardi

et al. 2022

Behavioral Sciences

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“…Present results suggest that differences between FD and FI in timing tasks may be also observed in prospective paradigms. More in detail, finding that FI individuals specifically performed better in the internally-based condition of the temporal learning task supports the possibility that the advantage of a stronger predisposition towards field-independence is specifically apparent in timing tasks in which the use of an internal frame of reference is needed (Teghil et al, 2019a;Witkin, 1977). Interestingly, if this were the case, such differences should be apparent also in prospective timing tasks involving durations longer than those tested in the present study, since the use of an internal frame of reference could help more FI individuals to disambiguate overlapping memory traces of experienced durations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Previous studies have also suggested that more FI individuals perform better than more FD ones in suprasecond retrospective timing tasks (Silverman et al, 1961;Teghil et al, 2019a). This advantage has been ascribed to the higher cognitive restructuring skills of FI individuals (Teghil et al, 2019a), that allow them to disengage from external cues, and generally to perform better in tasks in which the material lacks an organization or is ambiguous (Witkin, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Temporal learning in the suprasecond range: insights from cognitive style

Teghil

D’Antonio

Vita

et al. 2022

Psychological Research

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The acquisition of information on the timing of events or actions (temporal learning) occurs in both the subsecond and suprasecond range. However, although relevant differences between participants have been reported in temporal learning, the role of dimensions of individual variability in affecting performance in such tasks is still unclear. Here we investigated this issue, assessing the effect of field-dependent/independent cognitive style on temporal learning in the suprasecond range. Since different mechanisms mediate timing when a temporal representation is self-generated, and when it depends on an external referent, temporal learning was assessed in two conditions. Participants observed a stimulus across six repetitions and reproduced it. Unbeknownst to them, in an internally-based learning (IBL) condition, the stimulus duration was fixed within a trial, although the number of events defining it varied; in an externally-cued learning (ECL) condition, the stimulus was defined by the same number of events within each trial, although its duration varied. The effect of the reproduction modality was also assessed (motor vs. perceptual). Error scores were higher in IBL compared to ECL; the reverse was true for variability. Field-independent individuals performed better than field-dependent ones only in IBL, as further confirmed by correlation analyses. Findings provide evidence that differences in dimensions of variability in high-level cognitive functioning, such as field dependence/independence, significantly affect temporal learning in the suprasecond range, and that this effect depends on the type of temporal representation fostered by the specific task demands.

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“…It’s our view, that one gets power per pound … by increasing the number of time intervals to be estimated than by having several replications of each estimate (but we have not yet tested this mathematically)”. A fifth limitation to note is that there is no focus on entrainment to the flicker rate (Allman et al, 2014 ; Brighouse et al, 2014 ; Herbst et al, 2013 ; Matell & Meck, 2004 ; Teghil et al, 2019 ; Wearden et al, 2017 ; Wiener & Kanai, 2016 ), and this is certainly a topic to be addressed in future studies using this experimental protocol, using a reasonable sample size. Clearly, sample size is the major limitation of the present study, which, as a pilot n = 1 study, has achieved its objectives: showing the efficacy of the experimental protocol; demonstrating the quality of the data that can be generated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, sample size is the major limitation of the present study, which, as a pilot n = 1 study, has achieved its objectives: showing the efficacy of the experimental protocol; demonstrating the quality of the data that can be generated. The study needs to be replicated; more data are needed; individual differences in performance – especially while exposed to flicker – due to personality (Glicksohn & Naftuliev, 2005 ) and/or cognitive style (Teghil et al, 2019 ) need to be considered. Clearly, there is much to explore here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Production Intensively Studied in One Observer

Glicksohn

Weisinger²

2022

jpor

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If one accepts the notion of an internal clock, then one must further presume that time production (TP) is attuned with the rate of functioning of the clock’s pacemaker. As the level of environmental stimulation increases, TP of the same target durations should decrease; this is particularly the case when one is exposed to flicker. In the present exploratory study, wherein the second author served in an n = 1 experiment, we intensely study TP, using a factorial design that crosses a factor of Flicker with one of Counting Strategy, to create 48 different conditions (sessions). In each session, 6 target intervals are produced a total of 6 times in a counterbalanced manner. Our results indicate that as flicker rate increases, produced duration decreases, as predicted. The main effect for flicker was found for the intercept, but not for the slope of the psychophysical function relating produced duration to target duration. Veridical perception is achieved at a flicker rate of 6 Hz. We uncovered no main effect for counting, suggesting that flicker swamps any impact of chronometric counting.

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Field dependence–independence differently affects retrospective time estimation and flicker-induced time dilation

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

The Relationships between Cognitive Styles and Creativity: The Role of Field Dependence-Independence on Visual Creative Production

The Relationships between Cognitive Styles and Creativity: The Role of Field Dependence-Independence on Visual Creative Production

Temporal learning in the suprasecond range: insights from cognitive style

Time Production Intensively Studied in One Observer

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