Field deployment of a man-portable stand-off laser-induced breakdown spectrometer: A preliminary report on the expedition to the Cumbre Vieja volcano (La Palma, Spain, 2021)

Atomic spectrometry update – a review of advances in environmental analysis

“…From these preliminary experiments, it was concluded the implementation of this strategy in an open environment needed to be conducted with care and that instruments with a better S/N could improve the results obtained in a Mars-like atmosphere. A portable standoff LIBS instrument was designed 240 and constructed within three weeks to monitor changes in the composition of lava streams from an active volcano in the Canary Islands at a minimum of 20 m from the lava flow. This strategy was adopted after several drones carrying compact LIBS instruments had crashed during low-level flights because of the hostile environmental conditions.…”