Field detection of bacillus spore aerosols with stand‐alone pyrolysis–gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry

Snyder, Annamay; Maswadeh, Waleed M.; Parsons, J. A.; Tripathi, Ashish; Meuzelaar, Henk L. C.; Dworzański, Jacek P.; Kim, Man‐Goo

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6521(1999)3:4/5<315::aid-fact10>3.3.co;2-u

Cited by 22 publications

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“…Microbiological, 2 6 ',2 36 37,51 17, 18,20,25 Py-MS, ' 7 and, Py-GC-MS ' ' publications provide extensive evidence that Grampositive spores do generate picolinic acid while vegetative cells do not.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Mass Spectrometry Identified Bacterial Biomarkers from a Fielded Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry Biodetector with the Microbiological Gram Stain Classification Scheme

et al. 2004

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Public reporting burden for fthi collection of Informaiaon is estimated to, average I hour per response, including the time for reviewing Instructions. searchilng erristing data sources, gatheing and maintsteng the data needed, and completing and review"n this collection of Information. Send cofmment regarding this burden estimate or any othier aspect of this collection of Infomuation, Indluding suggestions for reducing fti burden to Departmrent PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORTDIR ECBC, ATTN: AMSRD-ECBC-RT-II, APG, MD 21010-5424 NUMBER GEO-CENTERS, Inc., Gunpowder Branch, APG, MD 21010-5424 ECBC-TR-415 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORIMONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSORIMONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTThis work discusses the significance of the pyrolyzate peaks observed in the gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) dataspace of the pyrolysis-GC-IMS (Py-GC-IMS) briefcase system. This system has the ability to detect and classifyi deliberately released bioaerosols in outdoor field scenarios. The bioaerosols include Gram-positive spores and Gram-negative bacteria, the MS-2 Escherichia coliphage virus, and ovalbumnin (OV) protein species. The work suggests certain improvements that can be made to the IMS detection System. A pyrolysis-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (Py-GC-IMS) briefcase system can detect and classify deliberately released bioaerosols in outdoor field scenarios. The bioaerosols include Gram-positive spores and Gram-negative bacteria, the MS-2 Escherichia coliphage virus, and ovalbumin (OV) protein species. However, the origin and structural identities of the pyrolyzate peaks observed in the GC-IMS dataspace, their microbiological information content, and taxonomic importance with respect to biodetection have not been determined. SUBJECT TERMS PyrolysisThe present work interrogates the identities of the peaks by inserting a time-offlight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) system in parallel with the IMS detector through a Tee connection in the GC module. Biological substances, producing ion mobility peaks from the pyrolysis of microorganisms, have been identified by their GC retention times, by matching their electron ionization mass spectra with authentic standards, and by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) mass spectral database.Strong signals from 2-pyridinecarboxamide were identified in Bacillus samples, including Bacillus anthracis, and their origins were traced to the cell wall peptidoglycan macromolecule. 3-Hydroxymyristic acid is a component of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the cell walls of Gram-negative organisms. The Gram-negative E. coli organism showed significant amounts of 3-Hydroxymyristic acid derivatives and degradation products in Py-GC-MS analyses. Some of the fatty acid derivatives were observed in very low abundance in the ion mobi...

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Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Mass Spectrometry Identified Bacterial Biomarkers from a Fielded Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry Biodetector with the Microbiological Gram Stain Classification Scheme

et al. 2004

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“…* Simultaneous detection of up to eight different antigens, including bacteria, viruses and toxins * Fully automated system * Specific agent identification * Fifteen-minute response * 95% detection probability 0.1 % false alarm rate Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry: Pyrolysis devices coupled to short column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry have the ability to extract microorganisms [23] . However, even the most highly prepared combat force will not be able to detect an attack with biological warfare agents until twentyfive to forty minutes after it has been released [80] .…”

Section: M8a1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical Warfare: Common Agents: A United Nations report from 1969 and beyond [16] defines chemical warfare agents as "... Chemical substances, whether gaseous, liquid or solid, which might be employed because of their direct toxic effects on man, animals and plants..." [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] . Chemical weapons can cause injury several ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agents can be grouped into two general types. Agents that affect the body surface they contact and those that damage the general nervous system [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A toxic effect of hydrogen cyanide is by inhibiting the metal-containing enzymes. One such enzyme is cytochromoxidase [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] . This enzyme system is responsible for the energy-providing processes in the cell where oxygen is utilized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and Biological Warfare: Should Rapid Detection Techniques Be Researched To Dissuade Usage? A Review

Hurst¹,

Wilkins²

2005

American J. of Applied Sciences

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Chemistry, microbiology and genetic engineering have opened new doorways for the human race to propel itself to a better future. However, there is a darker side to Bioengineering. One element of this is the manufacture and proliferation of biological and chemical weapons. It is clearly in the interest of humankind to prevent the future use of such weapons of mass destruction. Though many agents have been proposed as potential biological and chemical weapons, the feasibility of these weapons is a matter of conjecture. The unpredictable and indiscriminate devastation caused by natural epidemics and hazardous chemicals during wartime without medical treatment should warn humans of the dangers of employing them as weapons. This study argues rapid detection techniques may dissuade future use. Many agents are far less toxic to treatment. A quick response time to most attacks will decrease the chances of serious health issues. The agent will be less effective and discourage the attacker from using the weapon. Fortunately, the Chemical and Biological Weapons Convention (CWCIBWC) allows defensive work in the area of biological and chemical weapons. Consequently, the review will discuss history, delivery/dispersal systems and specific agents of the warfare. The study presents current developments in biosensors for toxic materials of defense interest. It concludes with future directions for biosensor development.

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Detecting Bacillus cereus spores on a mail sorting system using Raman spectroscopy

Farquharson

Grigely

Khitrov

et al. 2004

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The ability of Raman spectroscopy to detect anthrax-causing spores as they pass through a mail sorting system was investigated. A pump was connected to an existing vacuum manifold on a commercial sorter, and a filter designed to capture 0.5-3 µm particles was placed in-line. A standard business letter containing 0.23 g of Bacillus cereus spores, a Bacillus anthracis surrogate, was placed in a stack of 20 letters and passed through the system. Raman spectra of the filter positively identified the captured material as bacterial spores by the dominant calcium dipicolinate Raman spectral bands associated with the spore core. A limit of detection, using 400 mW of 785 nm laser excitation for a 1-s acquisition, is estimated at 4.5 mg. The ability of a Raman spectroscopy based system to detect and prevent the distribution of a letter containing gram levels of anthrax spores is discussed.

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Field detection of bacillus spore aerosols with stand‐alone pyrolysis–gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Correlation of Mass Spectrometry Identified Bacterial Biomarkers from a Fielded Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry Biodetector with the Microbiological Gram Stain Classification Scheme

Correlation of Mass Spectrometry Identified Bacterial Biomarkers from a Fielded Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry Biodetector with the Microbiological Gram Stain Classification Scheme

Chemical and Biological Warfare: Should Rapid Detection Techniques Be Researched To Dissuade Usage? A Review

Detecting Bacillus cereus spores on a mail sorting system using Raman spectroscopy

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