Field dissipation of 4-nonylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol, triclosan and bisphenol A following land application of biosolids

A study on temporal trends and estimates of fate of Bisphenol A in agricultural soils after sewage sludge amendment

“…There is currently little or no information on the effects of soil amendment with sewage sludge with respect to BPA soil concentrations, under weather conditions relevant to Scotland and the UK. In East and Central Scotland where the studies reported here were carried out, environmental conditions are markedly different from those reported in the study of Langdon et al [2012]. In Scotland rainfall is generally well distributed throughout the year with wettest months in autumn and early winter.…”

“…This clearly showed the influence of environmental factors on the rate of degradation of the bioavailable fraction. In the field trial study [Langdon et al 2012] the climate was Mediterranean in nature with winter temperatures ranging from 11-20 o c and rainfall an average of 22mm with a maximum of 67mm. In the summer period temperatures ranged from 21-38 o c with almost no rainfall.…”

Field dissipation and risk assessment of typical personal care products TCC, TCS, AHTN and HHCB in biosolid-amended soils

“…But for T2, wide variations in their concentrations were found from October to December, resulting from inhomogeneous soil conditions after reapplication of biosolid during the frosty period. The big variations observed during the period were also reported in previous studies (Baran and Oleszczuk, 2003;Langdon et al, 2012). Thus kinetic fitting was performed only for the later period from March 2010 to October 2011.…”

Occurrence and dissipation of three azole biocides climbazole, clotrimazole and miconazole in biosolid-amended soils

“…In China, the application of biosolids on agricultural land is still not allowed due to concerns with various contaminants in the biosolid (Daughton and Ternes, 1999;Gottschall et al, 2012;Kinney et al, 2008;Langdon et al, 2012;McClellan and Halden, 2010;Walters et al, 2010). Chinese Ministry of Agriculture initiated field trials of biosolids in 2006 to address the concerns associated with biosolid application on agricultural land.…”

“…One of the entry pathways to the environment for these azole biocides is via the application of sewage sludge as fertilizer (biosolid) in agriculture, which has been considered as a sustainable practice in many countries such as Australia, United Kingdom and United States (Duarte-Davidson and Jones, 1996;Langdon et al, 2012;USEPA, 2012). In China, the application of biosolids on agricultural land is still not allowed due to concerns with various contaminants in the biosolid (Daughton and Ternes, 1999;Gottschall et al, 2012;Kinney et al, 2008;Langdon et al, 2012;McClellan and Halden, 2010;Walters et al, 2010).…”