Field‐Effect transistors as transducers in biosensors for substrates of dehydrogenases

Vering, T.; Schuhmann, Wolfgang; Schmidt, Hanns‐Ludwig; Mikolajick, Thomas; Falter, Thomas; Ryssel, H.; Janata, Jiřı́

doi:10.1002/elan.1140061106

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Enzyme reactions that generate ions or alter the pH of the medium affect the gate potential, thus enabling the potentiometric detection of the substrate characteristic to the enzyme. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The sensing features of the ENFET are controlled by the methods employed to integrate the biocatalyst with the transistor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated relay/nitrate reductase field-effect transistor for the sensing of nitrate (NO3−)

Zayats

Kharitonov

Katz

et al. 2001

Analyst

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An integrated enzyme-functionalized field-effect transistor (ENFET) device for the sensing of nitrate ions is described. An aminosiloxane-functionalized gate interface is modified with N-methyl-N'-(carboxyalkyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium relay units. The complex formed between nitrate reductase and the bipyridinium units on the gate surface is crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde to yield a stable relay-enzyme layer on the gate interface. In the presence of sodium dithionite as electron donor, the biocatalyzed reduction of nitrate to nitrite ion is stimulated. The ratio between the oxidized and reduced states of the bipyridinium sites regulates the gate potential, and is controlled by the concentration of NO3- ions in the system. The effect of the chain length tethering the N-methyl-N'-(carboxyalkyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium units to the gate surface on the biocatalyzed reduction of NO3- ions, and on the NO3- FET sensor performance is discussed. The devices that include the bipyridinium units tethered to the gate interface with methylene chain length, -(CH2)n, where n > or = 7, reveal a detection limit of 7 x 10(-5) M for nitrate and a sensitivity of 52 +/- 2 mV dec-1. The response time of the device is as low as 50 s, and the operational time of the system is ca. 85 s. We estimate the surface coverage of nitrate reductase on the gate surface to be ca. 1.2 x 10(-12) mol cm-2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated relay/nitrate reductase field-effect transistor for the sensing of nitrate (NO3−)

Zayats

Kharitonov

Katz

et al. 2001

Analyst

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“…Since the first urea biosensor was prepared by Guilbault et al., the use of urease as a biocatalyst for the development of urea biosensors has attracted continuous interest from biochemical and clinical analysts, and various types of urea biosensors have thus been reported. − To fabricate a urea biosensor, the urease was immobilized onto a membrane or support in which the urea was catalytically converted into ammonium and bicarbonate ions. A transducer was then employed to monitor the ions produced by the enzymatic reaction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A transducer was then employed to monitor the ions produced by the enzymatic reaction. For monitoring the enzymatic products, various techniques, such as spectrometry, − potentiometry with the application of a pH-sensitive electrode, an ammonium ion selective electrode, and an ammmonium ion-sensitive field effect transistor, − conductometry, − coulometry, and amperometry, − have been proposed. Despite the various developments proposed, the key parameter for producing a useful urea biosensor rests on the implantation of a sensitive and reliable transducer that transduces the enzymatic reaction products into detectable signal.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Amperometric Urea Biosensor Based on a Polyaniline−Perfluorosulfonated Ionomer Composite Electrode

1998

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A new procedure for urea determination was developed. By cross-linking urease onto a polyaniline-Nafion composite electrode which sensed the ammonium ion effectively, a very sensitive urea biosensor was formed. The effects of applied potential, pH of buffer solutions, flow rate of carrier, and possible interferences on the response of urea biosensor were studied. With the developed urea biosensor, a detection limit as low as 0.5 µM and a response time as short as 40 s were obtained in an flow injection analysis system. A relative standard deviation of 2.2% (n ) 15) was obtained for the successive analysis of a 0.03 mM standard urea solution. Applicability of the urea biosensor for urea analysis was demonstrated by the analysis of NIST standard reference material and urine samples.

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“…Having in mind that excellent field effect transistor devices can be constructed, it is a natural consequence to apply the idea which Bergveld first explored in 1971 [111] in the ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) to place the impedance conversion in potentiometric devices in direct vicinity of the measurement. Using classical planar devices, derivatives of this idea have been established as transducers for chemical [112] and biochemical sensors [113]. The transfer of these ideas to nanowire-based devices was therefore already demonstrated more than a decade ago [114].…”

Section: Silicon Nanowire Based Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Nanowires: Fabrication and Applications

Mikolajick

Weber

2015

NanoScience and Technology

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Due to the high surface to volume silicon ratio and unique quasi onedimensional electronic structure, silicon nanowire based devices have properties that can outperform their traditional counterparts in many ways. To fabricate silicon nanowires, in principle there are a variety of different approaches. These can be classified into top-down and bottom-up methods. The choice of fabrication method is strongly linked to the target application. From an application point of view, electron devices based on silicon nanowires are a natural extension of the downscaling of a silicon metal insulator semiconductor transistor. However, the unique properties also allow implementing new device concepts like the junctionless transistor and new functionalities like reconfigurability on the device level. Sensor devices may benefit from the high surface to volume ratio leading to a very high sensitivity of the device. Also, solar cells and anodes in Li-ion batteries can be improved by exploiting the quasi one-dimensionality. This chapter will give a review on the state-of-the-art of silicon nanowire fabrication and their application in different types of devices.

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Field‐Effect transistors as transducers in biosensors for substrates of dehydrogenases

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

An integrated relay/nitrate reductase field-effect transistor for the sensing of nitrate (NO3−)

An integrated relay/nitrate reductase field-effect transistor for the sensing of nitrate (NO3−)

An Amperometric Urea Biosensor Based on a Polyaniline−Perfluorosulfonated Ionomer Composite Electrode

Silicon Nanowires: Fabrication and Applications

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