Field emission currents in vacuum breakers after capacitive switching

Zadeh, M. Koochack; Hinrichsen, Volker; Smeets, R.P.P.; Lawall, A.

doi:10.1109/tdei.2011.5931080

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The extremely high electrical fields result from local surface topology including very sharp edges, ridges, protrusions, pores, cracks etc. Electrical field enhancement factors in the range 600-1000 were observed in practical vacuum interrupters even without closing on high -inrush current [4]. A ty pical measured switching operation is presented in figure 4 (parameters of current and voltage in accordance with the lEC 62271-100 standard for back-to-back capacitor bank testing).…”

Section: Vacuum Field-emission Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to get more insight into the effect that back-to-back currents may have on the surface topology (and the related dielectric impact) on vacuum interrupters, a method was developed to measure the electron field emission current during recovery after capacitive current interruption, including closing contacts with full IEC standardized back-to-back inrush current [4]. Field electron emission (FEE) current arises as a result of extremely high electrical fields allowing electrons to "tunnel" through the metallic surface potential barrier.…”

Section: Vacuum Field-emission Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of switching capacitor banks with very high inrush current on vacuum switchgear

Smeets

Kuivenhoven

2013

2013 2nd International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology (ICEPE-ST)

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Capacitor bank switching can cause significant inrush current to flow during the closing phase of circuit breakers. From test-statistics, it is derived that switching capacitor banks at higher voltage under the IEC 'back-to-back' inrush current condition, is a significant challenge for SF6 and vacuum circuit breakers. In the case of vacuum circuit breakers, field electron emission (FEE) current during the opening phase under full recovery voltage conditions are measured. It was concluded that in spite of the wide variety of measured FEE current magnitude (from tens of /-lA up to several rnA) there is no direct relationship between magnitude of FEE current and probability of breakdown. Longer arc duration of the normal load current reduces the FEE current level after load current interruption I.

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Section: Vacuum Field-emission Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vacuum Field-emission Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of switching capacitor banks with very high inrush current on vacuum switchgear

Smeets

Kuivenhoven

2013

2013 2nd International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology (ICEPE-ST)

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“…About 60% of all capacitor banks are switched up to 300 times a year, and an additional 30% are switched up to 700 times a year. Capacitor-switching transients have caused many problems for the past few years [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Among these problems, the capacitors bearing switching overvoltage may be the most direct and severe one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Experiments on 10 kV Switching Shunt Capacitor Banks Using Ordinary and Phase-Controlled Vacuum Circuit Breakers

et al. 2016

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During the switching on/off of shunt capacitor banks in substations, vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) are required to switch off or to switch on the capacitive current. Therefore, the VCBs have to be operated under a harsh condition to ensure the reliability of the equipment. This study presents a complete comparison study of ordinary and phase-controlled VCBs on switching 10 kV shunt capacitor banks. An analytical analysis for switching 10 kV shunt capacitor banks is presented on the basis of a reduced circuit with an ungrounded neutral. A phase selection strategy for VCBs to switch 10 kV shunt capacitor banks is proposed. Switching on current waveforms and switching off overvoltage waveforms with, and without, phase selection were measured and discussed by field experiments in a 110 kV substation in Chongqing, China. Results show that the operation of phase-controlled VCBs for 10 kV switching shunt capacitor banks is stable, and phase-controlled VCBs can be used to implement the 10 kV switching on/off shunt capacitor banks to limit the transient overvoltage and overcurrent. The values of overvoltage and inrush current using phase-controlled VCBs are all below those with ordinary VCBs.

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“…A few researches were performed to investigate the correlation between the current for field emission and the vacuum breakdown in VCB [16][17][18][19][20]. A few researches were performed to investigate the correlation between the current for field emission and the vacuum breakdown in VCB [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another method that has recently been used is pressure estimation through field emission current. A few researches were performed to investigate the correlation between the current for field emission and the vacuum breakdown in VCB [16][17][18][19][20]. It was discovered that the difference of field emission current has influence on the electrical breakdown voltage when the value of the field emission current is close to the occurrence of the electrical breakdown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating field emission current in vacuum interrupters to estimate vacuum pressure level using PIC simulation

Rezvani

Bathaee

Akbari

2016

Int. Trans. Electr. Energ. Syst.

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Summary Condition monitoring of vacuum circuit breaker is one of the important factors to determine its life time. This is through a close monitoring of the internal pressure of vacuum interrupter for vacuum circuit breaker conditioning. The rise of internal pressure exceeding a certain threshold value causes loss of current switching capability and electric insulating properties. In recent decades, many methods of determining internal pressure have been investigated to evaluate the influences of different parameters. Although most of them are based on experimental tests, none of them was satisfying and reliable to provide enough information about residual vacuum pressure. Thus, the field emission current is modeled and simulated in this paper using plasma modeling by particle in cell method in order to determine the correlation between current and vacuum pressure. The simulation results demonstrate that a more precise value of internal vacuum pressure is given by applying magnetic field with impulse current simultaneously in order to determine residual vacuum pressure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Field emission currents in vacuum breakers after capacitive switching

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

The impact of switching capacitor banks with very high inrush current on vacuum switchgear

The impact of switching capacitor banks with very high inrush current on vacuum switchgear

Field Experiments on 10 kV Switching Shunt Capacitor Banks Using Ordinary and Phase-Controlled Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Investigating field emission current in vacuum interrupters to estimate vacuum pressure level using PIC simulation

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