Field Evaluation of Biological Control of Fire Blight in the Eastern United States

Sundin, George W.; Werner, Nicole A.; Yoder, Keith S.; Aldwinckle, Herb S.

doi:10.1094/pdis-93-4-0386

Cited by 95 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Strategies to control fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora in organic fruits have also been proposed and tested (Sundin et al 2009;Kunz et al 2011). Foliar applications of neem oil and fish emulsion reduced bacterial spot of tomato and bell pepper (Abbasi et al 2003), and chamomile oil limited Gnomonia leaf spot (Gnomonia comari) in organic strawberry (Ristow et al 2009).…”

Section: Disease Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Trends in Organic Fruit and Vegetable Farming Research

Dorais

Alsanius

2015

Horticultural Reviews: Volume 43

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Section: Disease Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Trends in Organic Fruit and Vegetable Farming Research

Dorais

Alsanius

2015

Horticultural Reviews: Volume 43

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“…Biological control is considered a promising method for the management of fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora, but field evaluations indicate limitations due to variability in efficacy and consistency from trial to trial (14,23,30,35). Several biological control agents are available commercially for the suppression of fire blight, such as Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 (38), Pantoea agglomerans C9-1 (12), P. agglomerans D325 (26), P. agglomerans Pc10 (36), Bacillus subtilis QST713 (1), and B. subtilis BD170 (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Fitness and Efficacy of a Fire Blight Biocontrol Agent via Nutritional Enhancement Combined with Osmoadaptation

Cabrefiga

Francés

Seguí

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens EPS62e in the biocontrol of Erwinia amylovora was improved by a procedure of physiological adaptation to increase colonization and survival in the phytosphere of rosaceous plants. The procedure consisted of osmoadaptation (OA) and nutritional enhancement (NE). OA was based on saline stress and osmolyte amendment of the growth medium during inoculum preparation. NE consisted of addition of glycine and Tween 80 to the formulation. NE and OA increased the growth rate and carrying capacity of EPS62e under high-relative-humidity (RH) conditions and improved survival at low RH on flowers under controlled environmental conditions. NE did not promote growth or affect infection capacity of E. amylovora. The effect of both methods was tested in the field by following the population of EPS62e using quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) (total population) and CFU counting (culturable population) methods. Following field application, EPS62e colonized blossoms, but it was stressed, as indicated by a sharp decrease in culturable compared to total population levels. However, once established in flowers and at the end of bloom, almost all the total population was culturable. The physiological adaptation treatments increased population levels of EPS62e over those of nonadapted cells during the late stage of the flowering period. Control of fire blight infections in flowers and immature fruits was tested by field application of EPS62e and subsequent inoculation with E. amylovora under controlled-environment conditions. The efficacy of fire blight control increased significantly with the combination of nutritional enhancement and osmoadaptation, in comparison with the absence of physiological adaptation.

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“…Application of streptomycin reduced the flower infections in average by 76%–89% [21,74,76,79,80,81]. Nevertheless, efficacies between 60% and 97% have been observed [82,83]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Blight Control: The Struggle Goes On. A Comparison of Different Fire Blight Control Methods in Switzerland with Respect to Biosafety, Efficacy and Durability

Gusberti¹,

Klemm

Meier

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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Fire blight (FB), caused by Erwinia amylovora, is one of the most important pome fruit pathogens worldwide. To control this devastating disease, various chemical and biological treatments are commonly applied in Switzerland, but they fail to keep the infection at an acceptable level in years of heavy disease pressure. The Swiss authorities therefore currently allow the controlled use of the antibiotic streptomycin against FB in years that are predicted to have heavy infection periods, but only one treatment per season is permitted. Another strategy for controlling Erwinia is to breed resistant/tolerant apple cultivars. One way of accelerating the breeding process is to obtain resistant cultivars by inserting one or several major resistance genes, using genetic engineering. To date, no study summarizing the impact of different FB control measures on the environment and on human health has been performed. This study consequently aims to compare different disease-control measures (biological control, chemical control, control by antibiotics and by resistant/tolerant apple cultivars obtained through conventional or molecular breeding) applied against E. amylovora, considering different protection goals (protection of human health, environment, agricultural diversity and economic interest), with special emphasis on biosafety aspects. Information on each FB control measure in relation to the specified protection goal was assessed by literature searches and by interviews with experts. Based on our results it can be concluded that the FB control measures currently applied in Switzerland are safe for consumers, workers and the environment. However, there are several gaps in our knowledge of the human health and environmental impacts analyzed: data are missing (1) on long term studies on the efficacy of most of the analyzed FB control measures; (2) on the safety of operators handling streptomycin; (3) on residue analyses of Equisetum plant extract, the copper and aluminum compounds used in apple production; and (4) on the effect of biological and chemical control measures on non-target fauna and flora. These gaps urgently need to be addressed in the near future.

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Field Evaluation of Biological Control of Fire Blight in the Eastern United States

Cited by 95 publications

References 36 publications

Advances and Trends in Organic Fruit and Vegetable Farming Research

Advances and Trends in Organic Fruit and Vegetable Farming Research

Improvement of Fitness and Efficacy of a Fire Blight Biocontrol Agent via Nutritional Enhancement Combined with Osmoadaptation

Fire Blight Control: The Struggle Goes On. A Comparison of Different Fire Blight Control Methods in Switzerland with Respect to Biosafety, Efficacy and Durability

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