Field‐evolved resistance to 11 insecticides and the mechanisms involved in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

BACKGROUND To understand the ongoing resistance of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, the sensitivity of five field populations to commonly used insecticides, indoxacarb, abamectin, methoxyfenozide, chlorfenapyr, chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, lambda‐cyhalothrin, carbosulfan, metaflumizone, chlorpyrifos, and flufenoxuron, were evaluated. Furthermore, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of field‐evolved resistance in H. armigera were also investigated. RESULTS Five field populations of H. armigera showed moderate resistance to indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, metaflumizone, methoxyfenozide, carbosulfan and lambda‐cyhalothrin. The resistance ratio (RR) of indoxacarb was significantly correlated with glutathione‐S‐transferases (GSTs) activity (r = 0.913, P = 0.011). Methoxyfenozide RR was largely correlated with cytochrome P450s activity (r = 0.860, P = 0.028). Besides, six cytochrome P450s genes of CYP4L5 in AQP, CYP6B7 and CYP9A14 in HDP and BDP, CYP9A17V2 in HDP and YSP, CYP332A1 in HDP, LFP, AQP and YSP, CYP337B1 in YSP, and two GSTs genes of GSTd1 and GSTs1 in HDP were overexpressed (>5‐fold). Moreover, indoxacarb RR was positively correlated with the overexpression of GSTs1, GSTd1 and CYP9A14 genes (r = 0.880, 0.98 and 0.86, P = 0.021, 0.001 and 0.028, respectively). The transcript of CYP9A17V2 and CYP337B1 were found to be correlated with metaflumizone RR (r = 0.950, P = 0.004) and carbosulfan RR (r = 0.850, P = 0.033), respectively. CONCLUSION H. armigera can be effectively controlled using abamectin, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos and spinetoram in Hebei and Shandong provinces. The present study demonstrated that the relative expression level of GSTs1, GSTd1, CYP9A14, CYP9A17V2 and CYP337B1 genes were significantly correlated with the resistance ratio to indoxacarb, metaflumizone and carbosulfan in field H. armigera.

Intestinal Bacterial Diversity and Functional Analysis of Three Lepidopteran Corn Ear Worm Larvae

“…Although there were some differences between the three pests at various bacterial levels, the majority were not significant, most likely because of their similar diets and feeding times. Two Pyralidae insects, C. punctiferalis and O. furnacalis [ 41 ], showed a more similar number and abundance of bacteria families, genera and OTUs than the Noctuidae insect H. armigera [ 42 ], which means that the phylogeny plays an important role in shaping insect gut microbiota.…”

Seed treatment with chlorantraniliprole and carbaryl mixture for managing fall armyworm on maize: systemic synergism, control efficiency and synergistic mechanism

“…One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Fisher's least-significant-difference (LSD) test (⊍ = 0.05) was utilized to compare significant differences among treatments. 50 Student's t-test was used to compare differences between two treatments.…”

Transcriptome analysis ofMythimna separata: De novo assembly and detection of genes related to beta‐cypermethrin resistance

“…Cytochrome P450 is famous for playing an important role in metabolic resistance to a series of major insecticide classes (Huang et al, 2020; Puinean et al, 2010; Schuler, 2011). Overexpression of P450s correlated with insecticide resistance has been studied in some insect pests, the most two successful and representative cases in lepidopterans to understand the molecular basis of P450‐mediated resistance are the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Bai et al, 2021; Brun‐Barale et al, 2010; El‐Latif et al, 2014; Joußen et al, 2012; Q. Q. Wang et al, 2021) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (do Nascimento et al, 2015; Lv et al, 2021). Insect P450 genes were clustered into four large clades – CYP2, CYP3, CYP4, and the mitochondrial clans (Feyereisen, 2006).…”