Field-induced phase coexistence in an artificial spin ice

Sklenar, Joseph; Lao, Yuyang; Albrecht, Alan; Watts, Justin D.; Nisoli, Cristiano; Chern, Gia-Wei; Schiffer, P.

doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0348-9

Cited by 68 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Then it can be used to study the effect of pinning centers, defects/disorder on the ground state configurations (similar to work done by Drisko et al [18]). It can also be a model system to compare with thermally driven spin ice subjected to an external magnetic field (similar work was carried out by Sklenar et.al as a part of their study on quadrupole ASI system [50]). EB-ASI might also pave the way to studies of spin fragmentation and monopole crystallization [51] which were previously observed in spin ices [52,53] and artificial kagome spin ice systems [54].…”

Section: Fig 4 Statistics Of 16 Different Vertex Types In A) Asi Andmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tunable ground state in heterostructured artificial spin ice with exchange bias

2019

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We describe a new artificial spin ice (ASI) composed of exchange biased heterostructured nanomagnetic elements with unidirectional anisotropy and compare it with a conventional ASI constituted by ferromagnets with uniaxial anisotropy (Ising spins). The introduction of a local exchange bias field, aligned along one of the sublattices of the square ASI, lifts the spin reversal symmetry of the vertices. By varying the lattice constant of the square array, we control the ratio of exchange bias to dipolar field (H EB /H dip) and tune the ground state from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic configuration with an effective magnetic moment. The geometric frustration of dipolar interactions is moderated by a nonfrustrated local field, leading to a mesoscopic system with specific metastable states observed during the demagnetization process.

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Section: Fig 4 Statistics Of 16 Different Vertex Types In A) Asi Andmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tunable ground state in heterostructured artificial spin ice with exchange bias

2019

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“…For example, the kagome Ising system with out-of-plane moments 88,106,107 displays behaviour that is quite different from the kagome lattice with in-plane moments. Furthermore, quadrupolar ice exhibits competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orders 108 . Here (Fig.…”

Section: Thermodynamics and Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Placing two parallel nanomagnets at each site of the square lattice, instead of one, leads to the toroidal lattice 134 . rotating the nanomagnets in the toroidal lattice by 45° leads to the quadrupolar lattice 108 . adding yet another magnet to each site in the quadrupolar lattice leads to the trident lattice 130 .…”

Section: Box 2 | the Family Of Artificial Spin Systems Beyond Artificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in artificial spin ice

et al. 2019

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Artificial spin ices consist of nanomagnets arranged on the sites of various periodic and aperiodic lattices. They have enabled the experimental investigation of a variety of fascinating phenomena such as frustration, emergent magnetic monopoles and phase transitions that have previously been the domain of bulk spin crystals and theory , as we discuss in this Review. Artificial spin ices also show promise as reprogrammable magnonic crystals and, with this in mind, we give an overview of the measurements of fast dynamics in these magnetic metamaterials. We survey the variety of geometries that have been implemented, in terms of both the form of the nanomagnets and the lattices on which they are placed, including quasicrystalline systems and artificial spin systems in 3D. Different magnetic materials can also be incorporated to modify anisotropies and blocking temperatures, for example. With this large variety of systems, the way is open to discover new phenomena, and we complete this Review with possible directions for the future.

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“…Artificial spin ice systems were first created by mimicking natural frustrated geometries and by realizing celebrated models of statistical mechanics (Baxter, 1982;Lieb, 1967b) in settings that allowed characterization at the constituent level, often in real time. However, since artificial materials can be realized in various geometries, a more recent effort (Morrison et al, 2013;Nisoli et al, 2017) has advanced the design of new systems generating a wide variety of new phenomena, including dimensionality reduction, emergent classical topological order, realizations of Pott's models, phase transitions, ice rule fragility, and quasi-crystal spin ices (Barrows et al, 2019;Gilbert et al, 2014Gilbert et al, , 2016aGliga et al, 2017;Lao et al, 2018;Louis et al, 2018;Ma et al, 2016;Östman et al, 2017;Perrin et al, 2016;Shi et al, 2018;Sklenar et al, 2019). Furthermore, many of these ideas proved to be exportable across different platforms, from nanomagnets to trapped colloids, to liquid crystals, and to superconductors (Duzgun and Nisoli, 2019;Latimer et al, 2013;Libál et al, 2009;Ortiz-Ambriz and Tierno, 2016;Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloquium : Ice rule and emergent frustration in particle ice and beyond

et al. 2019

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Geometric frustration and the ice rule are two concepts that are intimately connected and widespread across condensed matter. The first refers to the inability of a system to satisfy competing interactions in the presence of spatial constraints. The second, in its more general sense, represents a prescription for the minimization of the topological charges in a constrained system. Both can lead to manifolds of high susceptibility and non-trivial, constrained disorder where exotic behaviors can appear and even be designed deliberately. In this Colloquium, we describe the emergence of geometric frustration and the ice rule in soft condensed matter. This Review excludes the extensive developments of mathematical physics within the field of geometric frustration, but rather focuses on systems of confined micro-or mesoscopic particles that emerge as a novel paradigm exhibiting spin degrees of freedom. In such systems, geometric frustration can be engineered artificially by controlling the spatial topology and geometry of the lattice, the position of the individual particle units, or their relative filling fraction. These capabilities enable the creation of novel and exotic phases of matter, and also potentially lead towards technological applications related to memory and logic devices that are based on the motion of topological defects. We review the rapid progress in theory and experiments and discuss the intimate physical connections with other frustrated systems at different length scales.

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Field-induced phase coexistence in an artificial spin ice

Cited by 68 publications

References 38 publications

Tunable ground state in heterostructured artificial spin ice with exchange bias

Tunable ground state in heterostructured artificial spin ice with exchange bias

Advances in artificial spin ice

Colloquium : Ice rule and emergent frustration in particle ice and beyond

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