“…The underlying stability analyses (e.g., triggering and failure mechanisms) are extremely complicated under the coupled effects of hydraulic uplift and re-excavation. (Cashman & Preene, 2003;Zhou et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2016;Shi et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018). For PIP excavations involved in this system, catastrophic failures have been worldwide reported because of hydraulic uplift (Chow & Ou, 1999;Liu et al, 2011;Ng et al, 2012;Hong & Ng, 2013;Pujades et al, 2014;Hong et al, 2015;Hong & Wang, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016).…”