Field investigation on the toxicity of Alaska North Slope crude oil (ANSC) and dispersed ANSC crude to Gulf killifish, Eastern oyster and white shrimp

Effects of Exposure of Pink Shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, Larvae to Macondo Canyon 252 Crude Oil and the Corexit Dispersant

“…We noted that dispersant exposure negatively impacted all four larval stages at similar concentrations, although zoea were the most adversely affected, with all Z 1 shrimp dead by 48 h. Our reported values for 96 h exposures for F. duorarum M 1 and Pl 6 for Corexit 9500A, were similar to those previously reported for Corexit 9527 for L. setiferus postlarvae (96 h LC 50 , 12-31 mg L´1) [11,13]. Similar LC 50 values (3.5-83 mg L´1) have been reported following 48 to 96 h of exposure of other postlaval and juvenile crustaceans to Corexit 9500 [10,26,32,39,40].…”

“…That these results differ somewhat may be explained by variation in exposure methods used (constant, spiked, static renewal), however, each study reported a similar toxicity for WAFs and CEWAFs based on comparison of TPHs. Similar results have been reported for Americamysis (Holmesimysis) costata (1-35 mg L´1 WAF, 8-33 mg L´1 CEWAF, 96 h) and L. setiferus juveniles (6.5 mg L´1 WAFs, 5-7.5 mg L´1 CEWAFs, 96 h) [13,25,44]. In contrast, we report a 96 h TPH toxicity with larval F. duorarum (0.029-0.037 mg L´1 WAFs, 0.27-1.38 mg L´1 CEWAFs), indicating that WAFs were more toxic.…”

“…However, reporting methods (nominal, PAH, TPH), may impact researchers conclusions [41]. In our study, when PAH, rather than nominal values were compared, the toxicity of WAFs and CEWAFs were equivalent, although WAFs appeared to be more toxic when TPHs were compared, similar to that seen for L. setiferus juveniles [13]. The increase in toxicity of CEWAFs is attributed to increased availability of PAHs in the water column through the creation of a large number of small oil droplets [35].…”

Investigating the use of oil platform marine fouling invertebrates as monitors of oil exposure in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

“…O. equestris will replace the more common Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in locations when salinity reaches 30 ppt (Parker, 1960). While quite a few studies have examined the impacts of oil and PAH exposure (Fucik et al, 1995;Noreña-Barroso et al, 1999;Liu et al, 2006) as well as bioaccumulation of PAHs (Wade et al, 1988;Sericano et al, 1996;Qian et al, 2001) in C. virginica, we are not aware of any studies conducted on O. equestris. T. coccinea, a non-indigenous species to the Gulf of Mexico, primarily appears on artificial substrates such as submerged steel wrecks and oil rig support structures (Fenner and Banks, 2004;Sammarco et al, 2004;Ferry, 2009).…”

DNA damage in cichlids from an oil production facility in Guatemala

“…Considerable information is available on the acute, chronic, and sublethal effects of oil spills such as the Exxon Valdez on marine organisms (Loughlin 1994;Cronin and Bickham 1998;Harvey et al 1999;Page et al 2002). Data also has been collected on the effects of oil wells and oil production facilities on marine ecosystems (Barron et al 2003; Barron et al 2005;Carls et al 2005;Chen et al 2004;Couillard et al 2005;Doong and Lin 2004;Liu et al 2006;Alonso-Alvarez et al 2007;Di Toro et al 2007;McIntosh et al 2010). However, there is less information on the possible effects of oil production facilities on freshwater aquatic organisms, especially in the tropics.…”