Field investigations of multidrug-resistant<i>Salmonella</i>Infantis epidemic strain incursions into broiler flocks in England and Wales

Newton, Kate; Gosling, Becky; Rabie, André; Davies, Rob

doi:10.1080/03079457.2020.1809634

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It is important to stress that all S. Infantis isolated after 2017 analyzed in this study, except for one strain, were collected from these two regions (out of twenty regions of Italy) and therefore the increased carriage of ESBL genes may not be representative of the entire Italian S. Infantis population circulating in this time period. Similar trends however have been reported for S. Infantis in Europe, Asia, and the Americas, and have frequently been associated with the acquisition of pESI-like megaplasmid ( Dionisi et al, 2011 ; Nógrády et al, 2012 ; Hindermann et al, 2017 ; García-Soto et al, 2020 ; Newton et al, 2020 ; Tyson et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The Current Landscape of Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Infantis in Italy: The Expansion of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producers on a Local Scale

et al. 2022

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Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis is one of the five main causes of human salmonellosis in the European Union (EU) and in recent years, has been increasingly reported to carry multiple antimicrobial resistance determinants, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes. In our study, we used WGS-based tools to characterize S. Infantis strains circulating in the Abruzzo and Molise regions of Italy between 2017 and 2020 and compared this local dataset to the S. Infantis population present in Italy over the last two decades. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the majority of strains isolated from poultry and turkeys from Abruzzo and Molise were closely related and belonged to one of the two main genetic clusters present in Italy, which were grouped predominantly as ESBL-producing strains that harbored pESI-like plasmid. We showed that 60% of the local strains carried multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including ESBL gene blaCTX–M–1 as well as aadA1, dfrA1, dfrA14, sul1, and tet(A) genes present on the pESI-like megaplasmid. The analysis of strains from Abruzzo and Molise and the publicly available Italian S. Infantis sequences revealed a dramatic increase in the number of identified AMR genes in the strains isolated after 2011. Moreover, the number of strains resistant to five or more antibiotic classes increased from 20–80% in the last decade likely due to the acquisition of the megaplasmid. The persistence of the ESBL-producing and the multidrug-resistant (MDR) clone of S. Infantis in poultry populations in Italy and in Europe requires rapid and efficient intervention strategies to prevent further expansion of the clone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The Current Landscape of Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Infantis in Italy: The Expansion of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producers on a Local Scale

et al. 2022

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“…Franco et al [12] demonstrated that in Italy there is a stable population of S. Infantis isolated in chickens, chicken meat and humans harboring the pESI-like megaplasmid carrying the ESBL gene bla CTX-M-1 , and additional genes tet(A), sul1, dfrA1 and dfrA14 mediating cefotaxime, tetracycline, sulphonamide and trimethoprim resistance. Our results showed that ESBL-positive isolates were resistant toward tetracycline, sulphametoxazole/trimethoprim and nalidixic acid, and 12 out of 17 ESBL-negative isolates, confirming the typical pattern of multiresistance of the European S. Infantis clone [8,9,21]. The use of these antimicrobials and also of ampicillin, amoxicillin and quinolones, as therapy and prevention in poultry, has favored the selection of resistant bacteria shareable at the human level through food or environmental contamination, and through direct contact with animals [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Genetic Profiles and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Infantis Strains Isolated in Italy in the Food Chain of Broiler Meat Production

et al. 2020

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This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 87 Salmonella Infantis strains isolated in Italy from 2016 to 2019 along the food chain of broiler meat production and in humans and to determine the genetic profiles of the strains in order to establish a possible correlation with the antimicrobial pattern. All isolates were tested by the disk diffusion method to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility toward sixteen antimicrobials, and the broth microdilution method was used to confirm extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production. PCR and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were applied to characterize ESBL-encoding and AmpC β-lactamase genes and to analyze the S. Infantis strains genetic profiles respectively. S. Infantis isolates showed high prevalence of resistance, in particular toward nalidixic acid (97.7%), tetracycline (96.5%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (91%) and cefepime (72.4%). The 80.5% of isolates were ESBL, cefotaxime-resistant, carrying the blaCTX-M1 gene. The most prevalent PFGE profile was XbaI.0126 (35.6%). The remaining strains had a genetic homology from 81% to 97% with the XbaI.0126 profile. The strains belonging to these profiles were isolated from different matrices collected along the broiler food chain independently on the year and from the region and there was no correlation between the PFGE profiles and resistance patterns. We found two ESBL-producing S. Infantis strains with the same XbaI.2621 profile isolated from humans and from poultry feces, not yet reported in Italy. Our findings confirmed the diffusion of ESBL-multi drug resistant (MDR) S. Infantis along the broiler food chain and in humans and underlined the importance of continuous monitoring to control and to reduce the prevalence of this bacterium, applying a global One Health approach.

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“…for MRSA CC1 identified in pigs, and sheep related to pig farms, in Norway (Elstrøm et al., 2019a) or the Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 clone in Denmark (Alban et al., 2012). Also, in view of the rapid spread of MDR strains in other countries, the UK has taken action to eradicate MDR Salmonella Infantis or Kentucky in UK poultry flocks when it occurs, which has been successful to date (Newton et al., 2020).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2021

EFS2

114

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The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant-based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs bla CTX-M , bla VIM , bla NDM , bla OXA-48like , bla OXA-23 , mcr, armA, vanA, cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required.

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Field investigations of multidrug-resistantSalmonellaInfantis epidemic strain incursions into broiler flocks in England and Wales

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

The Current Landscape of Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Infantis in Italy: The Expansion of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producers on a Local Scale

The Current Landscape of Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Infantis in Italy: The Expansion of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producers on a Local Scale

Genetic Profiles and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Infantis Strains Isolated in Italy in the Food Chain of Broiler Meat Production

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

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