Field laser applications in industry and research

Werle, Peter; D’Amato, Francesco

doi:10.1007/s00340-010-4326-x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Historically, such devices relied on the broad‐band nondispersive infrared (NDIR) technology due to its good performance, low cost, field robustness, and low maintenance and power demands (Anderson, Verma, & Rosenberg, ; Auble & Meyers, ; Bingham, ; Bingham, Gillespie, & McQuaid, ; Brach, Desjardins, & St Amour, ; Desjardins, ; Ohtaki, ; Ohtaki & Matsui, ). In past 10–20 years, new technologies were developed and widely used to measure fluxes beyond CO 2 and H 2 O, using a combination of the closed‐path design and narrow‐band laser spectroscopy (Edwards, Neumann, Hartog, Thurtell, & Kidd, ; Kim, Verma, Billesbach, & Clement, ; Shurpali & Verma, ; Laubach & Kelliher, ; Eugster & Plüss, ; Werle & D'Amato, ; etc.). Despite very significant technological and scientific breakthroughs allowed by such systems, they have to operate under significantly reduced pressures, require powerful pumps, consume 100–1,500 Watts of power, and require complex labor‐intensive installations (Hendriks, Dolman, Molen, & Huissteden, ; Kroon et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounting for spectroscopic effects in laser‐based open‐path eddy covariance flux measurements

Burba

Anderson

Komissarov

2019

Global Change Biology

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A significant portion of the production and consumption of trace gases (e.g. CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, NH 3 , etc.) by world ecosystems occurs in areas without sufficient infrastructure or easily available grid power to run traditional closed-path flux stations.Open-path analyzer design allows such measurements with power consumption 10-150 times below present closed-path technologies, helping to considerably expand the global coverage and improve the estimates of gas emissions and budgets, informing the remote sensing and modeling communities and policy decisions, all the way to IPCC reports. Broad-band nondispersive infrared devices have been used for openpath CO 2 and H 2 O measurements since the late 1970s, but since recently, a growing number of new narrow-band laser-based instruments are being rapidly developed.The new design comes with its own challenges, specifically: (a) mirror contamination, and (b) uncontrolled air temperature, pressure and humidity, affecting both the gas density and the laser spectroscopy of the measurements. While the contamination can be addressed via automated cleaning, and density effects can be addressed via the Webb-Pearman-Leuning approach, the spectroscopic effects of the in situ temperature, pressure and humidity fluctuations on laser-measured densities remain a standing methodological question. Here we propose a concept accounting for such effects in the same manner as Webb et al. proposed to account for respective density effects. Derivations are provided for a general case of flux of any gas, examined using a specific example of CH 4 fluxes from a commercially available analyzer, and then tested using "zero-flux" experiment. The proposed approach helps reduce errors in open-path, enclosed, and temperature-or pressure-uncontrolled closed-path laserbased flux measurements due to the spectroscopic effects from few percents to multiple folds, leading to methodological advancement and geographical expansion of the use of such systems providing reliable and consistent results for process-level studies, remote sensing and Earth modeling applications, and GHG policy decision-making.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounting for spectroscopic effects in laser‐based open‐path eddy covariance flux measurements

Burba

Anderson

Komissarov

2019

Global Change Biology

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“…3), cruising all around the lake Starnberg. The sunset in 2011 has moved from the Zugspitze-the top of Germany as seen in 2009 [11]-to the hills around this beautiful lake.…”

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confidence: 99%

Field laser applications in industry and research

Werle

D’Amato

2013

Appl. Phys. B

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Laser Spectrometric Techniques in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

Axner

Galbács

2012

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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The main purpose of this article is to describe the theory, instrumentation, and analytical performance of laser analytical atomic spectrometry, focusing on absorption, fluorescence, and ionization techniques. The structure of the article is such that it first provides an outline of the theory of light‐matter interactions that prevail for each type of technique as well as of the most common modulation techniques, primarily, wavelength modulation (WM). This is followed by a section that covers the most important types of instrumentation used. The article finally provides a detailed discussion on the specific instrumentation, mode of operation, use, performance, and applications (both analytical and diagnostic) of each technique. In terms of laser atomic absorption, the focus of the discussion is on the use of approaches to enhance the detection capability by either reducing the amount of noise (as is done by the wavelength modulation absorption spectrometry (WMAS) technique) or by providing an extended interaction length (giving rise to cavity‐enhanced absorption spectrometry (CEAS) techniques in general, and cavity ring‐down spectrometry (CRDS) in particular). Laser atomic fluorescence techniques (often referred to as laser‐excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry ( LEAFS )) as well as laser ionization techniques (termed either laser‐enhanced ionization ( LEI ) or resonance ionization spectrometry ( RIS )) are also covered in some detail. It is shown that several of these techniques are capable of detecting a variety of elements in liquid samples down to low picogram per milliliter (pg mL −1 ) or parts‐per‐trillion (ppt) concentrations and in low femtogram amounts. Also other properties of the techniques, e.g. selectivity and linear dynamic range (LDR), are in general superior to those of conventional (nonlaser‐based techniques).

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Field laser applications in industry and research

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Accounting for spectroscopic effects in laser‐based open‐path eddy covariance flux measurements

Accounting for spectroscopic effects in laser‐based open‐path eddy covariance flux measurements

Field laser applications in industry and research

Laser Spectrometric Techniques in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

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