Field Measurements and Modeling of Ebullition-Facilitated Flux of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Sediments to the Water Column

Viana, Priscilla; Yin, Ke; Rockne, Karl J.

doi:10.1021/es302579e

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Bubble particle flotation, a process by which amphiphilic particles attach to a bubble's gas-water interface and are transported upwards during bubble rise, is used extensively in industry for applications such as separating valuable minerals from gangue (Min et al, 2008;Rodrigues and Rubio, 2007), removing ink during paper recycling (Vashisth et al, 2011), recovering desirable proteins and microorganisms from industrial bioreactors (Schugerl, 2000), and treating wastewaters (Aldrich and Feng, 2000;Lin and Lo, 1996;Rubio et al, 2002). Bubblemediated particle transport also occurs in the open ocean where bubbles are injected into the water by breaking waves, scavenge surface-active particles as they rise, and then deposit these particles on the ocean surface (Aller et al, 2005;Blanchard, 1975;Wallace et al, 1972;Liss, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical transport of sediment-associated metals and cyanobacteria by ebullition in a stratified lake

Delwiche

Hemond

et al. 2020

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Bubbles adsorb and transport particulate matter in a variety of natural and engineered settings, including industrial, freshwater, and marine systems. While methane-containing bubbles emitted from anoxic sediments are found widely in freshwater ecosystems, relatively little attention has been paid to the possibility that these bubbles transport particle-associated chemical or biological material from sediments to surface waters of freshwater lakes. We triggered ebullition and quantified transport of particulate material from sediments to the surface by bubbles in Upper Mystic Lake, MA, and in a 15 m tall experimental column. Particle transport was positively correlated with the volume of gas bubbles released from the sediment, and particles transported by bubbles appear to originate almost entirely in the sediment, rather than being scavenged from the water column. Concentrations of arsenic, chromium, lead, and cyanobacterial cells in bubble-transported particulate material were similar to those of bulk sediment, and particles were transported from depths exceeding 15 m, implying the potential for daily average fluxes as large as 0.18 µg arsenic m−2 and 2×104 cyanobacteria cells m−2 in the strongly stratified Upper Mystic Lake. Bubble-facilitated arsenic transport currently appears to be a modest component of total arsenic cycling in this lake. Although more work is needed to reduce uncertainty in budget estimates, bubble-facilitated cyanobacterial transport has the potential to contribute substantially to the cyanobacteria cell recruitment to the surface of this lake and may thus be of particular importance in large, deep, stratified lakes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical transport of sediment-associated metals and cyanobacteria by ebullition in a stratified lake

Delwiche

Hemond

et al. 2020

Biogeosciences

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“…Thus sediments have become a major reservoir of HOCs. 2,3 When exogenous inputs diminish, sequestered HOCs can be released from sediments via resuspension, molecular diffusion, 4 bioturbation, 5 gas ebullition, 6 tidal rush, etc., resulting in net fluxes from sediments to overlying water. Among these transport pathways, only molecular diffusion mainly involves the freely dissolved chemicals and is a direct reflection of the chemical fugacity difference between the two phases.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Passive Sampling Device for Measuring Sediment–Water Diffusion Fluxes of Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals

Liu

Bao

Zhang

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Molecular diffusion across the sediment−water interface, as one of the key geochemical processes, dictates whether a sediment is a source or sink of chemicals, providing useful data in designing remedial actions. Despite ample previous efforts in quantifying sediment−water diffusion fluxes, the resulting methods are largely unsatisfactory. Herein, we introduce a novel passive sampling device capable of measuring vertical profiles of chemical concentrations near the sediment−water interface, from which diffusion fluxes can be calculated based on a model that we developed. In laboratory testing, diffusion fluxes (0.032−310 ng m −2 d −1 ) of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites obtained from the present sampling device were consistent with those (0.38− 610 ng m −2 d −1 ) determined by using a conventional active sampling method, solid-phase extraction/liquid−liquid extraction. Field deployment of the sampling device yielded individual diffusion fluxes of p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDMU, o,p′-DDMU, p,p′-DDNU, and p,p′-DBP in the range of 5.9−150 ng m −2 d −1 , which were comparable to those (5.5−85 ng m −2 d −1 ) obtained with a benthic chamber. Moreover, diffusion fluxes of p,p′-DDT and o,p′-DDT obtained with the sampling device were negative; i.e., the sediment is acting as a sink for these chemicals, while that could not be found using the benthic chamber. Thus, the passive sampling device can provide better information about the movement of chemicals through the sediment and overlying water for the choice of remedial strategies.

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“…In such a scenario, OC would provide effective advective sequestration and the sand layer would contribute to geotechnical stability and as a thicker diffusive pathway. In addition, an OC layer placed in a geotextile mat may help reduce the potential for formation of preferential pathways due to gas ebullition that could facilitate breakthrough of contaminants through the cap (Kaliappan 2016;Viana et al 2017;Viana et al 2012), scouring of reactive material, biointrusion, and mixing of reactive material with sediments, and provides uniform distribution of reactive material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Organic Contaminant Transport through Reactive Media

2018

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We modeled the transport of 12 organic compounds through five different reactive media under diffusion and advection using deterministic and Monte Carlo methods to evaluate their effectiveness for sediment capping and/or liners. A broad range of media-contaminant-site scenarios are provided to aid in the selection of reactive media to address a broad range of organic sediment contaminants under diffusion or advection scenarios. Organic compounds evaluated include monoaromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and alkanes covering a wide range of organic pollutants commonly found in contaminated sites. We investigated the performance of the reactive media granular activated carbon (GAC), organoclay (OC), shredded tires (ST), and apatite (AP) in comparison to the performance of conventional sand media. Based on the modeling results, a 2-centimeter (cm) GAC layer is predicted to be as effective to reduce organic-contaminant transport as a 1-to 3-meter thick sand layer. Performances of GAC and OC were similar under both diffusion and advection due to their low observed diffusivity coefficients. As expected, low molecular weight compounds (e.g. monoaromatics and naphthalene) present a higher potential release risk. In contrast, pyrene, hexachlorobiphenyl and tetradecane do not present toxicity concerns at the 95% confidence level after 100 years under diffusion and/or advection (except in AP/sand configurations). Lower acute toxicity contaminants like benzene and dichlorobiphenyl are predicted to behave similarly for most media under advection, with partial breakthrough within 100-years. Performance uncertainty is substantially lower for organic-contaminant transport simulations compared to those in a previous metal-contaminant transport study. The relative GAC and OC effectiveness increases with increasing contaminant hydrophobicity. This behavior may be a key decision factor to select GAC and/or OC media at sites with highly hydrophobic and low toxicity/solubility ratio contaminants like dichlorobiphenyls.

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Field Measurements and Modeling of Ebullition-Facilitated Flux of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Sediments to the Water Column

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Vertical transport of sediment-associated metals and cyanobacteria by ebullition in a stratified lake

Vertical transport of sediment-associated metals and cyanobacteria by ebullition in a stratified lake

Novel Passive Sampling Device for Measuring Sediment–Water Diffusion Fluxes of Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals

Modeling Organic Contaminant Transport through Reactive Media

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