Field‐Scale Modeling of CO<sub>2</sub> Mineral Trapping in Reactive Rocks: A Vertically Integrated Approach

Postma, Tom J.W.; Bandilla, Karl W.; Peters, Catherine A.; Celia, Michael A.

doi:10.1029/2021wr030626

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The moderate (“mid”) mineralization rate corresponds to field-scale CBI, or a more conservative level of reactivity, and the slow rate corresponds to field-scale bulk scCO 2 injection, or a weathered and less reactive reservoir. These rates are calculated based on a recent modeling work by Postma et al, who developed reservoir-scale models for CO 2 mineralization and presented fractional conversion of injected CO 2 to solid carbonate as a function of time in simplified geochemical systems. The rates are also consistent with the recent synthesis of pilot projects to date; the rapid rate is indeed somewhat conservative compared with the results of CarbFix and Wallula pilot projects. , All of the mineralization scenarios are presented relative to a reference case where no mineralization occurs, i.e., conventional storage in a relatively inert sedimentary basin or saline aquifer.…”

Section: Methods and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Value of Geologic Carbon Mineralization for Project Risk Management in Carbon Capture and Removal Pathways

Menefee,

Schwartz

2024

Energy Fuels

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Carbon mineralization is the most secure form of carbon sequestration, but the value of mineral trapping relative to those of other mechanisms has not been quantified. Here, a techno-economic framework is developed to determine a levelized (investment) value of mineralization (LVOM) across a range of scenarios for CO2 capture or removal, injection schemes, and mineralization rates. LVOM considers both the direct value (in the form of reductions in upfront trust funds, monitoring requirements, and postinjection site care periods) and indirect value in the form of avoided leakage, where monetary impacts of leakage include tax/carbon credit forfeiture, remediation costs, and adjustment to the levelized cost of capture and injection. For a baseline mineralization scenario ranging from 0 to 2% avoided leakage, the LVOM increases up to $5.59/tCO2 for point-source emitters with a levelized cost of $62/tCO2 ($85/tCO2 credit) and to $9.29/tCO2 for DAC with a levelized cost of $150/tCO2 ($180/tCO2 credit). Across all scenarios, mineralization is most valuable for DAC facilities, which incur higher levelized costs offset by higher carbon credits (i.e., generate higher-value CO2). This result, combined with natural synergy between the relative location-independence of DAC and the location-dependence of reservoirs capable of mineralization, supports the strategic use of geologic carbon mineralization to support negative emission pathways.

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Section: Methods and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Value of Geologic Carbon Mineralization for Project Risk Management in Carbon Capture and Removal Pathways

Menefee,

Schwartz

2024

Energy Fuels

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“…These volumes and masses of CO 2 increase by ∼20% when thorough mineral carbonation of the host basalt is included. This is a reasonable assumption because the limited depth range available calls for storage as CO 2aq and the geothermal gradient is elevated (∼40 • C at 500 m-depth; Raine, 2021); therefore, mineral carbonation rates are enhanced (e.g., Oelkers and Gíslason, 2001;Potsma et al, 2022). For the N and E AOIs these increase to ∼6 km 3 and ∼12 Mt CO 2 , and ∼4 km 3 and ∼9 Mt CO 2 , respectively, for 10% porosity (Table 1).…”

Section: Reservoir Volume Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological carbon storage in northern Irish basalts: prospectivity and potential

Andrews

2023

Front. Clim.

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Carbon mineralization and storage in basaltic rock sequences is a developing technology but faces challenges with uptake and increases in scale. Northern Ireland (UK) is a useful analog for many parts of the world where thick basalt sequences could be used to aid in reaching carbon reduction and removal targets. Here I reanalyze and reinterpret available lithological, geochemical, and geophysical data to assess carbon storage potential. The physical and geochemical properties of the basalts are indistinguishable from those used for successful carbon sequestration in Iceland and Washington State (USA). Based on the thickness, composition, and potential permeability, I propose that this is a viable location for a series of small-volume stores (total volume ~9–12 MTCO2) suitable for capture at industrial point-sources or purpose-built CO2 “harvesting” facilities. The case for exploiting the CO2 storage potential in Northern Ireland is strengthened by (1) an increasingly urgent need to find socially and economically just decarbonization pathways needed to meet NI's targets, (2) increasing realization among policy experts that point-source CO2 capture and industrial decarbonization will be insufficient to meet those goals, due in part, to the size of the agricultural sector, and (3) the coincidence with plentiful renewable energy and geothermally-sourced industrial heat. These serendipitous relationships could be leveraged to develop CO2-“farms” where direct air capture operations are supplied by renewable energy (biomass and geothermal) and on-site geological storage. I envisage that these sites could be supplemented by CO2 from locally produced biomass as farmers are encouraged to transition away from raising livestock. Because CO2 can be captured directly from the atmosphere or via suitable biomass anywhere, NI's small size and position on the periphery of the UK and Europe need not be a disadvantage. Instead, NI's access to geological storage, renewable energy, and agricultural land may be a boon, and provide new opportunities to become a leader in carbon removal in basalt-covered regions.

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“…In these processes, captured CO 2 is mineralized in basaltic formations. 148,149 To expand the applicability of carbon mineralization processes, it is necessary to identify conditions at which mineralization occurs in the presence of salt water, as opposed to fresh water, which would be a step necessary to deploy the technology in basaltic formations. 150,151 Fundamental challenges: Advancement in the mineralization technology strongly depends on a detailed understanding of reaction mechanisms concerning CO 2 transformations.…”

Section: Co 2 Capture and Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcoming Transformations in Integrated Energy/Chemicals Sectors: Some Challenges and Several Opportunities

Striolo

Huang

2022

J. Phys. Chem. C

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The sociopolitical events over the past few years led to transformative changes in both the energy and chemical sectors. One of the most evident consequences of these events is the significant focus on sustainability. In fact, rather than an engaging discussion within elite social circles, the search for sustainability is now one of the hard requirements investors impose on companies. The concept of sustainability itself has developed since its inception, and now it encompasses environmental as well as socioeconomic aspects. The major players in the energy and chemical sectors seem to embrace these changes and the related challenges; in most cases, tangible ambitious goals have been proposed. For example, bp aims "to become a net zero company by 2050 or sooner, and to help the world get to net zero". Although tragic events such as the war in Ukraine directly affect global supply chains, leading to some reconsiderations in medium-term industrial and political strategies, trends and public demands seem determined to pursue ambitious sustainable goals, as tangible as the European Union's "Fit for 55" climate package, approved on May 12, 2022, which effectively bans internal combustion engines for new passenger cars and light commercial vehicles from 2035. These trends will likely lead to profound changes in both the chemical and energy sectors. While some predictions may miss the target, speculating about upcoming challenges and opportunities could help us prepare for the future. This is the purpose of this brief Perspective.

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Field‐Scale Modeling of CO₂ Mineral Trapping in Reactive Rocks: A Vertically Integrated Approach

Abstract: Carbon capture and storage, or CCS, continues to be considered an important carbon mitigation option, despite its slow development (

Cited by 12 publications

References 62 publications

Quantifying the Value of Geologic Carbon Mineralization for Project Risk Management in Carbon Capture and Removal Pathways

Quantifying the Value of Geologic Carbon Mineralization for Project Risk Management in Carbon Capture and Removal Pathways

Geological carbon storage in northern Irish basalts: prospectivity and potential

Upcoming Transformations in Integrated Energy/Chemicals Sectors: Some Challenges and Several Opportunities

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Field‐Scale Modeling of CO2 Mineral Trapping in Reactive Rocks: A Vertically Integrated Approach

Abstract: Carbon capture and storage, or CCS, continues to be considered an important carbon mitigation option, despite its slow development (

Cited by 12 publications

References 62 publications

Quantifying the Value of Geologic Carbon Mineralization for Project Risk Management in Carbon Capture and Removal Pathways

Quantifying the Value of Geologic Carbon Mineralization for Project Risk Management in Carbon Capture and Removal Pathways

Geological carbon storage in northern Irish basalts: prospectivity and potential

Upcoming Transformations in Integrated Energy/Chemicals Sectors: Some Challenges and Several Opportunities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Field‐Scale Modeling of CO₂ Mineral Trapping in Reactive Rocks: A Vertically Integrated Approach