Field studies of a geo-engineering method of maintaining a modern climate with aerosol particles

Izraél, Yu. A.; Захаров, В. М.; Петров, Н. Н.; Ryaboshapko, A. G.; Иванов, В. Н.; Savchenko, A. V.; Andreev, Yu. V.; Eran’kov, V. G.; Puzov, Yu. A.; Danilyan, B. G.; Kulyapin, V. P.; Гулевский, В. А.

doi:10.3103/s106837390910001x

Cited by 35 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Whether mixing sulphur into the fuel of commercial planes or firing large naval rifles or suspending hoses from stratospheric balloons, the implementation would be bound with environmental impact [58]. Izrael et al [59] have recently accomplished field experiments in which they generated an artificial sulphate aerosol layer in the middle troposphere. They measured a temporal 1 % solar radiation reduction before the aerosol layer dissipated.…”

Section: Shortcomings Of This Geoengineering Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Stratospheric Sulphate Aerosol Deployment on the Surface Air Temperature and the Risk of an Abrupt Global Warming

Llanillo¹,

Jones²,

Glasow³

2010

Atmosphere

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Abstract:We used the ‗Radiative-Convective Model of the Earth-atmosphere system' (OGIM) to investigate the cooling effects induced by sulphur injections into the stratosphere. The ensemble of numerical calculations was based on the A1B scenario from the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). Several geoengineered scenarios were analysed, including the abrupt interruption of these injections in different scenarios and at different dates. We focused on the surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies induced by stratospheric sulphate aerosol generated in order to compensate future warming. Results show that continuous deployment of sulphur into the stratosphere could induce a lasting decrease in SAT. Retaining a constant aerosol loading equivalent to 6 TgS would delay the expected global warming by 53 years. Keeping the SAT constant in a context of increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) means that the aerosol loading needs to be increased by 1.9% annually. This would offset the effect of increasing GHG under the A1B scenario. A major focus of this study was on the heating rates of SAT that would arise in different scenarios in case of an abrupt cessation of sulphur injections into the stratosphere. Our model results show that heating rates after geoengineering interruption would be 15-28 times higher than in a case without geoengineering, with likely important consequences for life on Earth. Larger initial sulphate loadings induced OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2010, 1 63 more intense warming rates when the geoengineering was stopped at the same time. This implies that, if sulphate loading was increased to maintain constant SAT in the light of increasing GHG concentrations, the later the geoengineering interruption was to occur, the higher the heating rates would be. Consequently, geoengineering techniques like this should only be regarded as last-resort measures and require intense further research should they ever become necessary.

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Section: Shortcomings Of This Geoengineering Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Stratospheric Sulphate Aerosol Deployment on the Surface Air Temperature and the Risk of an Abrupt Global Warming

Llanillo¹,

Jones²,

Glasow³

2010

Atmosphere

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“…The following tools were included in the complex of ground-based measuring equipment in addition to that used before when carrying out the similar studies described in [6,7]:…”

Section: Measured Parameters and Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present experiment was carried out within the frameworks of investigations concerning the search of ways of the impact on the solar insolation intensity with regard to the problem of maintaining the climate at the present-day level by means of creating the artificial aerosol formations with the specified optical properties [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A field experiment on modeling the impact of aerosol layers on the variability of solar insolation and meteorological characteristics of the surface layer

Izraél

Захаров

Иванов³

et al. 2011

Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol.

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Described are the results of a field experiment carried out in 2010 on studying the impact of artificial aerosol formations on the solar insolation intensity and thermal characteristics of the atmospheric surface layer. The composition of the measuring equipment complex is given and the results of the experiment and its theoretical analysis are presented. It is demonstrated that the solar radiation flux decrease results in rather rapid response of the surface air layer manifesting itself in the considerable decrease in temperature and turbulent heat fluxes. The theoretical estimates corroborate the obtained experimental data. The field experiment is the continuation of researches carried out in 2008 and 2009.

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“…Outdoor experiments face particularly strong opposition, even though these concerns could equally apply to other forms of research, including computer modeling, which are proceeding with limited resources but little overt opposition. Only two outdoor experiments related to solar geoengineering have been conducted thus far, one of limited value (Izrael et al 2009) and another that was only characterized ex post as informing solar geoengineering (Russell et al 2013). Within the UK's Stratospheric Particle Injection for Climate Engineering (SPICE n.d.) project, a proof-of-design test of a tethered balloon delivery system was canceled following protests by activist nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and disclosures of intellectual property irregularities (Stilgoe et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonstate governance of solar geoengineering research

Reynolds

Parson

2020

Climatic Change

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As climate change's risks have grown and limits to primary responses become evident, solar geoengineering (or solar radiation modification) has risen in prominence as a potential complementary response. Widespread calls for expanded research have raised objections, based on anticipated links to potential future deployment and potentially harmful interactions with other climate responses. The unique concerns raised by solar geoengineering may warrant governing associated research with more care or scrutiny than other areas, but states have not engaged the issue. Given this, we analyze the potential for nonstate actors to provide governance functions needed to enable, control, and legitimate near-term, small-scale solar geoengineering research. Drawing on the theory of regulatory processes and nonstate actors as well as evidence from other issue areas, we describe six types of nonstate actors in terms of their capacity, knowledge, and interests relevant to governing solar geoengineering research: researchers themselves, the universities or other institutions that employ them, funders, academic publishers, professional societies, and advocacy nongovernmental organizations. We conclude that suitably configured collaborations among these actors can meet the additional governance needs of near-term solar geoengineering research. We consider potential limitations to nonstate governance related to legitimacy, effectiveness, and capture, and conclude that these are not severe under present conditions, but could become stronger if research grows toward deployment. Nonstate governance may even be preferable to state regulation of smallscale scientific activities, offering more flexible early exploration of options with the possibility of later transition into more state-led and legalized governance arrangements.

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Field studies of a geo-engineering method of maintaining a modern climate with aerosol particles

Cited by 35 publications

References 2 publications

The Influence of Stratospheric Sulphate Aerosol Deployment on the Surface Air Temperature and the Risk of an Abrupt Global Warming

The Influence of Stratospheric Sulphate Aerosol Deployment on the Surface Air Temperature and the Risk of an Abrupt Global Warming

A field experiment on modeling the impact of aerosol layers on the variability of solar insolation and meteorological characteristics of the surface layer

Nonstate governance of solar geoengineering research

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