Field studies of the behavioral ecology and agonistic behavior of Cichlasoma meeki (Pisces: Cichlidae)

Neil, Susan J.

doi:10.1007/bf00001662

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As far as we know, there are four studies quantifying coloration patterns of cichlids and associated behaviors. Baldaccini (1973) described nine color patterns related to 18 different behaviors in Tilapia mariae, and Neil (1984aNeil ( , 1984b described four color patterns in Cichlasoma meeki (= Thorichthys meeki) related to aggressive behavior, sexual and gonadal development. Hulscher-Emeis (1992) described the color patterns associated to 33 behaviors, separating them by sex and age class.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color changing and behavioral context in the Amazonian Dwarf Cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae (Perciformes)

et al. 2009

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Animal coloration has many functions, and fishes are noted among vertebrates for presenting a wide variety of color patterns. Although in marine fishes the relationship between body coloration and behavioral context is well documented, there's not much information about freshwater fishes. Here we describe color patterns displayed by the dwarf cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae and suggest that these patterns are dependent on different social and behavioral settings. Field observations were conducted underwater in a pond in Central Amazonia, Brazil. We recorded six body coloration patterns related to seven different kinds of behavioral activities: foraging, resting, reproductive and agonistic displays, aggression (attacking and fleeing) and parental care. Changes in coloration occur rapidly and take only a few seconds. Females on parental care exhibited a unique pattern that are more persistent and probably manifests more slowly. In the shallow and clear waters of the natural environment of this dwarf cichlid, color communication seems to constitute an efficient way to display information about individual mood, social status and reproductive readiness, contributing to minimize loss of energy in unnecessary interactions.Coloração animal tem diferentes funções, e os peixes se destacam entre os vertebrados por apresentarem uma grande diversidade de padrões de cores. Embora se conheça relativamente bem a relação entre coloração e contexto comportamental para peixes marinhos, pouco se sabe para os peixes de água doce. Nós descrevemos os padrões de coloração de um ciclídeo amazônico, Apistogramma hippolytae, e sugerimos como esses padrões são dependentes das características sociais e comportamentais. Realizamos observações subaquáticas utilizando mergulho livre em campo durante o dia em uma lagoa na Amazônia Central. Nós caracterizamos seis padrões de coloração associados a sete comportamentos diferentes: alimentação, repouso, displays sexual e agonístico, agressão (ataque e fuga) e cuidado parental. As mudanças de coloração levam apenas alguns segundos. Fêmeas em cuidado parental exibem um padrão exclusivo, cuja mudança é mais lenta. No ambiente natural desse ciclídeo, locais rasos com águas claras, a comunicação por coloração pode ser um sistema eficiente de comunicar o estado motivacional individual, status social e disposição para reprodução, possivelmente contribuindo para minimizar a perda de energia com interações desnecessárias.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color changing and behavioral context in the Amazonian Dwarf Cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae (Perciformes)

et al. 2009

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“…Often, a sexual dimorphism in role specialisation 131 7 can be observed with the female providing more direct offspring care and the male 132 defending the territory (e.g. Guerra et al, 1995; Itzkowitz, 1984;Neil, 1984; Richter et al, 133 2010;Solomon, 1993). Nevertheless, in many species both partners can or do perform the 134 same behaviours (see Royle et al, 2014 for a review on the flexibility of parental care 135 behaviour), and at least partly compensate for their mates' tasks if needed (Itzkowitz, 1984; 136 Lavery et al, 2010;Sasvari, 1986;Storey et al, 1994) indicating that sex roles might be less 137 fixed.…”

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“…In P. pulcher, 386 parents typically divide the labour with one individual staying more with the offspring and 387 the other one defending the territory. Though sexual dimorphism in role specialisation has 388 been described for many cichlids (McKaye et al, 2008;Neil, 1984;Richter et al, 2010), sex 389 roles might not be entirely strict in the species and may rather depend on the interplay 390 between male and female personality. Itzkowitz et al (2005) have shown that male and 391 female parent convict cichlids, Archocentrus nigrofasciatum, changed their defense 392 behaviour in response to the mate's body size, regardless of the sex.…”

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confidence: 99%

Different or alike? Female rainbow kribs choose males of similar consistency and dissimilar level of boldness

Scherer¹,

Kuhnhardt²,

Schuett³

2017

Animal Behaviour

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to different conditions. However, sheer costs of flexibility cannot explain the polymorphism 22 created by personality variation. In a correlative approach, we here tested whether mate 23 choice might act as a major driving force maintaining personality variation in the 24 monogamous, biparental rainbow krib, Pelvicachromis pulcher. We personality-typed all 25 males and females for their boldness (activity under simulated predation risk) and allowed 26 females to choose between two males that differed in their boldness (behavioural level and 27 consistency). Prior to the choice, females were allowed to observe both males, expressing 28 their natural boldness towards a video animated natural predator. Both sexes showed 29 personality differences in boldness over the short-and long-term. Furthermore, when 30 removing side-biased females, we found a dis-assortative mating preference for the 31 behavioural level and an assortative preference for behavioural consistency in boldness. 32Such preference patterns might facilitate effective parental role allocation during offspring 33 care and/or provide genetic benefits. Our results suggest that sexual selection plays an 34 important role in the evolution of personality differences. 35 36 Keywords: anti-predator behaviour, assortative, behavioural compatibility, cichlid, mate 37 choice, Pelvicachromis pulcher, personality, risk-taking, sexual selection, side bias 38 39 3 Individuals have to cope with a wide array of environmental challenges. Therefore, 40 flexibility in the expression of behavioural responses towards different and changing 41 conditions should be favoured by selection ). Yet, individuals often show 42 considerable consistent between-individual differences in behaviour over time and/or 43 contexts (Boissy, 1995). Such personality differences are common throughout the animal 44 kingdom (reviewed in Gosling, 2001; Kralj-Fišer et al., 2014) and have been shown for 45 various behavioural traits, such as activity pattern, aggressiveness, exploratory tendencies, 46 boldness and fearfulness (reviewed in Dall et al., 2004; Gosling, 2001;. 47Personality traits are moderately heritable (Ariyomo, Carter, et al., 2013; Patrick et al., 48 2013;Reif et al., 2003;van Oers et al., 2005) and have fitness consequences (e.g. Ariyomo et 49 al., 2012; Dingemanse et al., 2005;Smith et al., 2008), suggesting they are not merely non-50 adaptive noise that surrounds an adaptive optimum (Wilson, 1998). Nevertheless, 51 underlying mechanisms that generate and maintain behavioural polymorphism are largely 52 unclear and many aspects of the growing body of theoretical frameworks still remain to be 53 empirically tested (reviewed in e.g. Schuett et al., 2010;Wolf et al., 2010). 54 55 Recently, Schuett et al. (2010) pointed out that sexual selection may be important in 56 generating and maintaining personality variation though this possibility has rarely been 57 tested (but see e.g. Montiglio et al., 2016;. According to the proposed 58 framework , personalities are expected to p...

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“…Moreover, the possession of a territory may have higher value for males, since they could to ensure attraction of other females and to have other spawning chances if they fail in a first attempt to reproduce (Schwanck, 1989). This is especially true to species whose males establish a territory before couple formation (Perrone, 1978;Neil, 1984). Alternatively, the specialization in the execution of parental duties may be the result of differential ability to perform some particular tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These differences tend to reduce or disappear with brood development (Barlow, 1974;Neil, 1984;Keenleyside, 1991). The exchange of parental roles allow parents to alternate vigilance/feeding activities (Ward & Samarakoon, 1981) and as a consequence, keep better health conditions (Perrone & Zaret, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive behavior and parental roles of the cichlid fish Laetacara araguaiae

Teresa

Gonçalves-de-Freitas

2011

Neotrop. ichthyol.

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We described the reproductive behavior of the small South American cichlid Laetacara araguaiae in streams from Brazil. We predicted that this species will show reproductive cooperation and division of labor between males and females in a similar way presented by other substrate-spawner cichlids. Thus, we studied 34 pairs in the pre-spawning (n = 11), egg/wriggler (n = 11) and fry (n = 12) phases. In the pre-spawning phase both sexes become involved in nest building and territorial defense, but females emphasizes building nest (p = 0.03), while males invest more time in territorial defense (p = 0.04). After spawning, male and female alternate between rearing eggs and defending nest in the territory. In the egg/wriggler phase females devotes more time rearing the brood while males remain defending territory (p = 0.02). These differences disappear when young are in the fry stage, and parents jointly stay closer to fry (p = 0.98). However, at this phase, there is a reduction in the frequency of threats shown by males (p<0.01) and an increase in the frequency of attacks shown by female (p<0.01) that could be a response to an increased demand for parental defense. Our results indicate that the reproductive cooperation between males and females of L. araguaiae is marked by division of labor in the early reproductive phases and by sharing of parental duties as brood develops.Descrevemos o comportamento reprodutivo do pequeno ciclídeo sul-americano Laetacara araguaiae em riachos do Brasil. Predizemos que essa espécie apresenta cooperação reprodutiva e divisão de trabalho entre machos e fêmeas, como ocorre em outras espécies de ciclídeos substrate-spawners. Assim, estudamos 34 casais nas fases pré-acasalamento (n = 11), ovo/larva (n = 11) e prole natante (n = 12). Na fase pré-acasalamento ambos os sexos envolvem-se na construção de ninhos e na defesa territorial, mas as fêmeas enfatizam a construção de ninho (p = 0,03), enquanto os machos investem mais na defesa do território (p = 0,04). Após a desova, machos e fêmeas alternam entre a manutenção dos ovos e a defesa do ninho. Na fase ovo/larva as fêmeas despendem mais tempo em atividades de manutenção da prole, enquanto os machos investem mais na defesa do território (p = 0,02). Essas diferenças desaparecem quando a prole atinge o estágio natante com ambos os pais permanecendo próximos aos filhotes (p = 0,98). Entretanto, há uma redução na frequência de ameaças emitidas pelos machos (p<0,01) e um aumento na frequência de ataques emitidos pelas fêmeas nessa fase (p<0,01), o que poderia ser uma resposta ao aumento da demanda por defesa da prole. Nossos resultados indicam que a cooperação reprodutiva entre machos e fêmeas de L. araguaiae é representada pela divisão de funções nas primeiras fases reprodutivas, seguida pelo compartilhamento de tarefas parentais à medida que a prole se desenvolve.

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Field studies of the behavioral ecology and agonistic behavior of Cichlasoma meeki (Pisces: Cichlidae)

Cited by 46 publications

References 15 publications

Color changing and behavioral context in the Amazonian Dwarf Cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae (Perciformes)

Color changing and behavioral context in the Amazonian Dwarf Cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae (Perciformes)

Different or alike? Female rainbow kribs choose males of similar consistency and dissimilar level of boldness

Reproductive behavior and parental roles of the cichlid fish Laetacara araguaiae

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