Field studies of the detection, persistence and spread of the Rispens <scp>CVI988</scp> vaccine virus and the extent of co‐infection with Marek's disease virus

Ralapanawe, Sithara; Renz, Katrin; Burgess, Susan; Walkden‐Brown, Stephen W.

doi:10.1111/avj.12479

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Yet the ecology of MDV is poorly understood. This is perhaps most clearly exemplified by the conventional wisdom that the virus is ubiquitously found on industrialized poultry farms (Office International des-Epizooties, 2010; Dunn, 2013), despite recent surveillance data suggesting that the virus may not be present on a large fraction of farms (Groves et al, 2008; Wajid et al, 2013; Walkden-Brown et al, 2013; Bettridge et al, 2014; Kennedy et al, 2015b, 2017; Ralapanawe et al, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Marek's disease virus transmission: A framework for evaluating the impact of farming practices and evolution

2018

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Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a pathogen of chickens whose control has twice been undermined by pathogen evolution. Disease ecology is believed to be the main driver of this evolution, yet mathematical models of MDV disease ecology have never been confronted with data to test their reliability. Here, we develop a suite of MDV models that differ in the ecological mechanisms they include. We fit these models with maximum likelihood using iterated filtering in ‘pomp’ to data on MDV concentration in dust collected from two commercial broiler farms. We find that virus dynamics are influenced by between-flock variation in host susceptibility to virus, shedding rate from infectious birds, and cleanout efficiency. We also find evidence that virus is reintroduced to farms approximately once per month, but we do not find evidence that virus sanitization rates vary between flocks. Of the models that survive model selection, we find agreement between parameter estimates and previous experimental data, as well as agreement between field data and the predictions of these models. Using the set of surviving models, we explore how changes to farming practices are predicted to influence MDV-associated condemnation risk (production losses at slaughter). By quantitatively capturing the mechanisms of disease ecology, we have laid the groundwork to explore the future trajectory of virus evolution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Marek's disease virus transmission: A framework for evaluating the impact of farming practices and evolution

2018

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“…As MDV became the prototype avian virus which reside in the feather follicle epithelium and shafts, the feather tips were incorporated for use in the diagnosis of commercial flocks (Davidson and Borenshtain, 2002, Davidson and Shkoda, 2005Davidson, 2009a). Ralapanawe et al (2016) studied commercial layers demonstrating the MDV-1 in feathers and dust. However, monitoring the virus presence in feathers illustrate more accurately the current infection status than dust, because dust reflects cumulatively all the birds in the poultry house over a prolonged timeperiod.…”

Section: Tissue Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic concerns in generating molecular diagnosis matrixes for 4 avian viruses with emphasis on Marek’s disease virus

Davidson¹

2019

Journal of Virological Methods

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A B S T R A C TThe great advance in the field of diagnosis of avian viruses is reflecting the highly sophisticated molecular assays of the human and general virology in providing highly sensitive and fast methods of diagnosis. The present review will discuss the biotic factors and the complexities that became evident with the evolution of the novel molecular diagnostic assays with emphasis on 4 avian viruses, chicken anemia, infectious laryngotracheitis, turkey meningoencephalitis, but mainly on Marek's disease virus.To create a biologically meaningful diagnosis, attention should be dedicated to various biotic factors and not only of the diagnostic assay. Included among the important factors are, (a) the sample examined and the sampling strategy, (b) the outcomes of the pathogen amplification ex vivo, (c) the sampling time and its reflection on the disease diagnosis, (d) the impact of simultaneous multiple virus-infections regarding the ability to demonstrate all pathogens and inter-and intra-interactions between the pathogens. A concerted consideration of the relevant factors and the use of advanced molecular diagnostic assay would yield biologically significant diagnosis in real-time that would beneficiate the poultry industry. Recently Shojaei et al. (2015) and Astill et al. (2018) described novel methodologies developed to detect rapidly avian viruses, such as

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“…Marek's disease virus have made it possible to detect and quantify virus collected from field settings (2,3,23). Four studies have used qPCR methods to study field samples to study virus dynamics in Australia (18,38,44) and Iraq (43). There are many differences between chicken and egg production in these countries and in the United States, perhaps most notably that vaccination is nearly universal among commercial farms in the United States.…”

Section: The Development Of Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (Qmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industry-wide surveillance of Marek’s disease virus on commercial poultry farms

Kennedy

Cairns

Jones

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Field studies of the detection, persistence and spread of the Rispens CVI988 vaccine virus and the extent of co‐infection with Marek's disease virus

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Modeling Marek's disease virus transmission: A framework for evaluating the impact of farming practices and evolution

Modeling Marek's disease virus transmission: A framework for evaluating the impact of farming practices and evolution

Biotic concerns in generating molecular diagnosis matrixes for 4 avian viruses with emphasis on Marek’s disease virus

Industry-wide surveillance of Marek’s disease virus on commercial poultry farms

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