Field study learning model to introduce environmental health problems to medical students at the faculty of medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

The role of Hymenoptera parasitoids as mortality factors of Silba adipata McAlpine on cayenne pepper plants: parasitism and distribution patterns

“…Yuliadhi [19] also found that the parasitoid F. arisanus was Meanwhile, the parasitoid A. japonica has the highest level of parasitization at altitudes above 750-1000 meters above sea level with a parasitization rate of 4.11%, while the parasitoid D. longicaudata has the highest level of parasitization at altitudes above 250-500 meters above sea level with an average parasitization rate of 7.63%. In contrast to D. longicaudata, which was found to parasitize B. dorsalis on star fruit, it had a low level of parasitization, namely 0.75-1.09% in lowland areas of Denpasar City [18]. The parasitoid D. longicaudata can carry out the parasitization process from 0 meters above sea level to 500 meters above sea level.…”

“…According to [17], the parasitoid F. arisanus has a long ovipositor, making laying eggs on host larvae inside the fruit easier. The length of the ovipositor of the female parasitoid F. arisanus is the same or longer than its body [18]. Thus, the parasitoid F. arisanus has the highest level of parasitization at an altitude of 1,000 meters above sea level (MASL), with a parasitization rate of 9.11%.…”