Field surveys on cooling effects of vegetation in an urban area

Katayama, Tadahisa; Ishii, Akio; Hayashi, Takuya; Tsutsumi, J.

doi:10.1016/0306-4565(93)90094-a

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Chang et al (2007) measured T a in and around 61 urban parks in Taipei and found that the higher the tree and shrub coverage, the cooler the park, particularly in summertime. A strong daytime cooling effect of densely vegetated urban parks was also reported in Gaborone, Botswana (Jonsson, 2004), Nanjing, China (Huang et al, 2008), Fukuoka and Nagoya, Japan (Katayama et al, 1993;Hamada and Ohta, 2010), Figure 9. Relationships between ambient air temperature (daytime maximum -T a max , or night-time minimum -T a min ) and mean park cool island (PCI) intensity during daytime (a) and night-time (b) on clear, calm days of the warm (circles) and cold (crosses) seasons.…”

Section: Influence Of Vegetation and Buildings On Intra-urban Differementioning

confidence: 52%

“…Chang et al () measured T a in and around 61 urban parks in Taipei and found that the higher the tree and shrub coverage, the cooler the park, particularly in summertime. A strong daytime cooling effect of densely vegetated urban parks was also reported in Gaborone, Botswana (Jonsson, ), Nanjing, China (Huang et al , ), Fukuoka and Nagoya, Japan (Katayama et al , ; Hamada and Ohta, ), Tel Aviv, Israel (Potchter et al , ; Cohen et al , ) and Athens, Greece (Skoulika et al , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Influence of vegetation and building geometry on the spatial variations of air temperature and cooling rates in a high‐latitude city

Konarska

Holmer

Lindberg

et al. 2015

Intl Journal of Climatology

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to provide a better understanding of how vegetation and building geometry influence the spatial distribution of air temperature and nocturnal cooling rates (CR) in a high-latitude city. Intra-urban thermal variations were analysed in two seasons (May-September and November-March) and in different weather conditions (clear, calm and cloudy, windy) in Gothenburg, Sweden. Simultaneous air temperature measurements were conducted for 2 years (2012)(2013) at ten fixed park and street sites characterized by varying type and amount of vegetation, building geometry, openness and surface cover. Several spatial characteristics, including sky view factor (SVF) as well as the cover and volume of buildings and trees, were calculated within circular areas of radii ranging from 10 to 150 m. Spatial characteristics were found to explain air temperature distribution in the studied area to a large extent throughout the day and year, in both clear, calm as well as cloudy, windy conditions. The highest correlations were found for weighted calculation areas accounting for the influence of both nearest (10 m) and wider (25-150 m) surroundings. Park sites remained cooler than built-up areas, with the most pronounced cooling effect (0.8 ∘ C) on clear, calm days of the warm season. The most important factor governing CR around sunset was SVF. However, on clear, calm nights of the warm season, they were also enhanced by vegetation, indicating the influence of evapotranspiration. Minimum night-time air temperature was governed mostly by the presence of buildings. Within the street canyon, a daytime cooling and night-time warming effect of a street tree was observed, particularly in the warm season. The study shows the importance of various spatial characteristics describing openness, amount of vegetation and building geometry in analysing intra-urban variations in daytime and night-time air temperature.

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Section: Influence Of Vegetation and Buildings On Intra-urban Differementioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Influence of vegetation and building geometry on the spatial variations of air temperature and cooling rates in a high‐latitude city

Konarska

Holmer

Lindberg

et al. 2015

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Other studies in Japan showed that there is a direct correlation between the size, density and quality of the vegetation cover and air temperature in and around the urban parks. Park temperatures during daytime were lower by up to 3°C in comparison to the built-up areas, and the temperature reductions could be observed up to 50 m from the parks' edges (Katayama et al, 1993). On the other hand, in Sacramento, all park types developed a PCI of 2-3°C during daytime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Climatic behavior of various urban parks during hot and humid summer in the mediterranean city of Tel Aviv, Israel

Potchter

Cohen

Bitan

2006

Intl Journal of Climatology

212

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This study examines the climatic behavior of different designs of urban parks during hot and humid summer conditions, and their influence on human comfort in Tel Aviv, Israel. The research was conducted in three different types of urban parks: a park with grass and a few low trees, a park with medium sized trees and a park with high and wide-canopied trees. The results showed that an urban park that contains high trees with a wide canopy has the maximum cooling effect during daytime, reduces temperatures by up to 3.5°C and lowers heat stress values despite increasing relative humidity values. An urban park that contains dense, medium sized trees can also reduce temperatures during daytime by up to 2.5°C as well as slightly lower heat stress. However, during nighttime it can create uncomfortable climatic conditions owing to the reduction of wind velocity and increase in relative humidity. An urban park covered with grass can be warmer and sometimes even more humid than the built-up area during the day, which increases heat stress values.

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“…We thus do not include studies that only compare the air temperature of green sites that differ in the amount of vegetation cover, with no "control" site (e.g. Grimmond et al, 1996;Katayama et al, 1993). Such studies are beyond the scope of this particular review.…”

Section: Search and Selection Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Urban greening to cool towns and cities: A systematic review of the empirical evidence

Bowler

Buyung-Ali

Knight

et al. 2010

Landscape and Urban Planning

2,110

931

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Field surveys on cooling effects of vegetation in an urban area

Cited by 29 publications

References 1 publication

Influence of vegetation and building geometry on the spatial variations of air temperature and cooling rates in a high‐latitude city

Influence of vegetation and building geometry on the spatial variations of air temperature and cooling rates in a high‐latitude city

Climatic behavior of various urban parks during hot and humid summer in the mediterranean city of Tel Aviv, Israel

Urban greening to cool towns and cities: A systematic review of the empirical evidence

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