Field Techniques for Suspended-Sediment Measurement

Wren, Daniel G.; Barkdoll, Brian D.; Kuhnle, Roger A.; Derrow, R. W.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2000)126:2(97)

Cited by 152 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Due to the fragile nature of flocs, these properties have to be determined in situ. For this purpose, a variety of instruments have been developed (Dyer et al 1996;Eisma et al 1996;Wren et al 2000). Most of these instruments have been able to measure only floc size and/or settling velocity and have lacked the ancillary data to evaluate the parameters that influence them.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

INSSECT—an instrumented platform for investigating floc properties close to the seabed

Mikkelsen

Milligan

Hill

et al. 2004

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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A new type of tripod, INSSECT (IN situ Size and SEttling Column Tripod), designed for floc measurements in the shallow parts of the continental shelf, is described. INSSECT orientates itself into the current so that instrumentation on it faces upstream, thereby minimizing flow disturbance. The instrumentation includes a digital floc camera, a video settling column, a unique sediment trap designed for capturing flocs intact, a laser sizer, an optical backscatterance sensor, a compass and tilt meter, and a current meter. It is designed for relatively short deployments of up to 2 weeks and can be recovered, turned around, and redeployed rapidly. It was designed for use in semi-synoptic surveys of the spatial variation in floc properties such as size and settling velocity and the factors that influence them. The paper describes the various components of the INSSECT and presents selected results from the first deployments, demonstrating its ability to turn in the current and capture single flocs intact. Contrary to recent findings on the influence on settling columns on floc size, intercomparison between the video settling column and the digital floc camera reveals that the sizes are similar.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

INSSECT—an instrumented platform for investigating floc properties close to the seabed

Mikkelsen

Milligan

Hill

et al. 2004

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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“…Consistently high summer water levels have prevented the defunct probe from being replaced, resulting in the loss of much valuable data. In common with the depth-integrated samples taken by citizen technicians, instrument-generated data also require calibration via width-and-depth integrated sampling by researchers through a range of flow and turbidity conditions (Wren et al, 2000) in order to be considered representative of the channel as a whole. Further, SS data collected by any means lies at best within a 20% error margin (Horowitz, 2013), and typically outside that margin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SS fluxes and yields provide insight into the sources, magnitude, and dynamics of catchment soil erosion and loss, but gathering the required long-term, short-timestep hydrological and SS data is a widely-acknowledged challenge that often constrains subsequent data availability and quality. Wren et al (2000) note that such data may be extremely costly and difficult to acquire, with a reduced expectation of accuracy if flood flows (which move the bulk of the sediment) are not captured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and implementation of a citizen technician–based suspended sediment monitoring network: Lessons from the Tsitsa River catchment, South Africa

Bannatyne¹,

Rowntree²,

Waal³

et al. 2017

WSA

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Locally resident citizen technicians using basic equipment and Open Data Kit-enabled smartphones have collected flood-focused suspended sediment (SS) samples from 11 sites on the Tsitsa River and its tributaries, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. In the highly degraded and gullied Tsitsa River catchment, existing modelled SS data were unverified and at odds with the results of studies based on dam sedimentation rates. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC), flux and yield data were required at subcatchment scale to support the prioritisation of community-based land rehabilitation initiatives in rural communal areas and to determine the relative contributions of subcatchments to SS yield at the site of the proposed Ntabelanga Dam. Approaches relying on researcher presence and/or installed instrumentation were precluded by cost, study area size, and the risk of equipment theft, vandalism and damage during high flows. Analysis of the quantitative data collected by the citizen technicians allows high-resolution SSC, flux, and yield data to be produced at subcatchment scale, which will be benchmarked by an acoustic SSC probe at a downstream Department of Water and Sanitation gauging weir. Qualitative descriptive and photographic data allows distant researchers to gain a real-time, catchment-wide overview of river and SS levels. This paper outlines the method, benefits and challenges of a direct-sampling approach that has the potential to address spatial and temporal challenges commonly experienced during SS sampling campaigns.

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“…Several depth-integrated samples from the main channel were taken during each site visit, and concentrations from these samples were averaged. The distribution of suspended sediments was assumed to be approximately constant across the main channel [27]. Samples taken with the autosampler and the depth-integrated sampler were analyzed in the lab to determine SSC, following ASTM Standards 3977-97 and 2974 (Test Method C).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Quantification of Suspended Sediment Loads for Three Alaska North Slope Rivers

Lamb

Toniolo

2016

Water

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Abstract:This study provides an initial assessment of suspended sediment transport in three rivers on the Alaska North Slope. Watershed response to summer precipitation events was examined for each river. Bed sediment grain-size distribution was calculated using a photographic grid technique. Mean sediment diameters were 27.1 and 41.5 mm (Samples A and B) for the Chandler, 35.8 mm for the Anaktuvuk, and 65.0 mm for the Itkillik. Suspended sediment rating curves were developed for each river. Suspended sediment discharge was analyzed. In 2011 and 2013, most of the total annual suspended sediment transport occurred during spring melt and widespread rainfall events, respectively. The results show that each river reacts differently to environmental inputs such as rain and basin characteristics.

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Field Techniques for Suspended-Sediment Measurement

Cited by 152 publications

References 45 publications

INSSECT—an instrumented platform for investigating floc properties close to the seabed

INSSECT—an instrumented platform for investigating floc properties close to the seabed

Design and implementation of a citizen technician–based suspended sediment monitoring network: Lessons from the Tsitsa River catchment, South Africa

Initial Quantification of Suspended Sediment Loads for Three Alaska North Slope Rivers

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