“…In particular, studies by Mittenzwey et al (1992), Gitelson et al (1993), Gons (1999) and more recently Moses et al (2009a) show that the correlation between Chl-a concentration and the ratio is very significant (r 2 > 0.8) for a variety of waters, including rivers, lakes, estuaries and in the laboratory, and over a wide range of concentrations from ∼0.1 to 350 mg m −3 . There are a large number of studies that use high spectral resolution airborne and in situ radiometric data (Dierberg and Carriker 1994, Jiao et al 2006, Duan et al 2007, Hunter et al 2008b, Hunter et al 2009) to estimate Chl-a using the ratio, and the r 2 values for these studies range from 0.75 (Duan et al 2007) to 0.99 (Menken et al 2006). The positioning of the MERIS bands at 665 and 709 nm makes MERIS ideally suited for predicting Chl-a using this ratio, and many studies have recently been carried out (Flink et al 2001, Ammenberg et al 2002, Härmä et al 2001, Gons et al 2002, Kallio et al 2003, Strömbeck et al 2004, Koponen et al 2007, Moses et al 2009b The causal explanation for the strength of the correlation of Chl-a with the 700/670 nm ratio is based on the interaction between backscattering from particulate matter (phytoplankton) and the strong absorption of water, which both increase towards the infrared (figure 1).…”