Field trial of primary and booster dose of inactivated vaccine against bovine respiratory bacteria in young Holstein calves

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0042_s_005_w2aab3b7c90b1b6b1aab1c14b1Aa"><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this research was to evaluate the antibody response to multiple doses of an inactivated mixed vaccine against <jats:italic>Histophilus somni</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Mannheimia haemolytica</jats:italic>, and to investigate the influence of age at time of vaccination in the field.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0042_s_006_w2aab3b7c90b1b6b1aab1c14b2Aa"><jats:title>Material and Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Healthy female Holstein calves received the vaccine at the age of 5–12 days and 2, 3, or 4 weeks later in the first experiment or at 1, 2, or 3 weeks of age and 4 weeks later in the second. Blood samples were collected at each vaccination and 3 weeks after the booster dose. Based on the antibody titres after the vaccinations, calves were divided into positive and negative groups for each of the bacteria. Calves in the control group were vaccinated only once at the age of 19–26 days.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0042_s_007_w2aab3b7c90b1b6b1aab1c14b3Aa"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Antibody titres against <jats:italic>H. somni</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. multocida</jats:italic> were significantly increased by the booster. After the second vaccinations, the titres against each bacterium were higher than those of the control group, and the <jats:italic>M. haemolytica</jats:italic>-positive percentage in calves with high maternal antibody levels (MAL) exceeded that in calves with low MAL. In the first experiment, a majority of the <jats:italic>M. haemolytica</jats:italic>-positive calves tended to have received the primary dose at seven days of age or older.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0042_s_008_w2aab3b7c90b1b6b1aab1c14b4Aa"><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>A booster dose of the inactivated bacterial vaccine in young Holstein calves increased antibody production and overcame the maternal antibodies. Calves should be vaccinated first at seven days of age or older.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Field trial of antibody response to inactivated bacterial vaccine in young Holstein calves: influence of animal health status

“…Following the grant of the owner’s informed consent, all calves received 1 mL of a primary intramuscular immunisation between the ages of 1 and 3 weeks and a booster immunisation three weeks later. We have previously reported that little difference in antibody titres was observed following the initial immunisation at 1, 2 or 3 weeks of life and the booster ( 15 ).…”

“…In contrast, our previous study suggested that after the administration of an initial and booster immunisation with a vaccine containing inactivated antigens of Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica, the titres of young calves with high maternal antibody levels (MAL) were not lower than those of calves with low MAL. In addition, the percentage of calves that became seropositive was higher in the group with high MAL than in the group with low MAL (15). Whether maternal antibodies inhibit the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines is still unclear.…”

“…A previous study involving Holstein calves which were initially immunised at 7 days of life or later reported that administration of a booster immunisation with a vaccine containing inactivated antigens of the bacteria causing pneumonia resulted in increased antibody titres. However, the conditions for young immunologically naïve calves ( 11 ) to produce antibodies by immunisation stimulation still remain to be elucidated ( 15 ).…”

Effects of vitamin C supplementation on the blood oxidative stress and antibody titre against Histophilus somni vaccination in calves

“…The degree of oxidative stress was expressed as the oxidative stress index (OSI) calculated with the formula (d-ROMs/BAP) × 100 = OSI (1,21). Serum antibody titres against H. somni were detected in ELISA, as described in a previous study (3,14). H. somni of the M-1 Br strain was dispensed into wells of a microtitre plate, and serum samples at 400-fold dilution were added to the wells and incubated, at 30℃ for 1 h. After washing, peroxidase-conjugated anti-bovine IgG was added and the samples were incubated again, at 30℃ for 30 min.…”

The Bacterial and Viral Agents of BRDC: Immune Evasion and Vaccine Developments

“…In contrast, inactivated vaccines prime the humoral immune response but are poor at inducing cell-mediated immunity [130]. Additionally, inactivated vaccines require a booster dose in order to achieve protection [131]. Evidence from multiple studies suggests that MLV vaccines are more effective in preventing BRDC than their inactivated vaccine equivalents [125].…”