Field-trip guide to the geologic highlights of Newberry Volcano, Oregon

Jensen, Robert A.; Donnelly‐Nolan, Julie M.

doi:10.3133/sir20175022j2

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Newberry Volcano is a large (∼600 km 3 ) composite rear‐arc shield‐shaped volcano located 60 km east of the main Cascades arc crest (Figure ) and at the western end of the Oregon High Lava Plains (HLP; Donnelly‐Nolan & Grove, ; Jensen & Donnelly‐Nolan, ), a subprovince of the Basin and Range. In addition to calc‐alkaline and tholeiitic basaltic lavas, Newberry Volcano has erupted the full compositional range of lavas from basalt through rhyolite.…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Primitive Tholeiitic and Calc‐Alkaline Basalts at Newberry Volcano, Oregon

Carlson

Grove

Donnelly‐Nolan

2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Major and trace element and radiogenic isotopic characteristics of primitive mafic Pleistocene and Holocene lavas from Newberry Volcano, Oregon, define two groups. The first consists of dry tholeiitic high‐alumina olivine basalts that are slightly enriched in highly incompatible elements. The second group consists of calc‐alkaline basalts that contained 2–4 wt % H2O prior to eruption and shows strong enrichment in the light rare earth elements, Ba, and Sr, and deficits in Nb, Ta, Hf, and Zr. The tholeiitic basalts reflect 6–11% anhydrous adiabatic decompression melting of spinel peridotite. The calc‐alkaline basalts derived from compositionally distinct sources with strong LIL enrichment and relative depletion in HFSE, but with Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb isotopic composition only slightly distinct from the sources of the tholeiitic magmas. Radiogenic Os correlates with LREE enrichment in the calc‐alkaline magmas, which indicates that their source materials include a contribution from a mafic component that was melted in the garnet stability field. The calc‐alkaline magmas were derived by melting of peridotite metasomatized by a fluid/melt that originated by melting of a mixture of the sediment plus MORB basalt/mantle in the underlying subducting oceanic plate. While the trace element characteristics of the calc‐alkaline magmas were determined by the subduction component, their isotopic characteristics were modified during transit through the mantle by interaction with the highly magmatically processed mantle wedge beneath Newberry Volcano that, without the slab component, serves as the source of the tholeiitic magmas.

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Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Primitive Tholeiitic and Calc‐Alkaline Basalts at Newberry Volcano, Oregon

Carlson

Grove

Donnelly‐Nolan

2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Notable and well-studied examples in the USA include the Columbia River and its tributaries (e.g. O'Connor et al, 2009;Ely et al, 2012;Deligne et al, 2017;Jensen and Donnelly-Nolan, 2017; and references therein), and the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon (e.g. Crow et al, 2008;Fenton et al, 2004;.…”

Section: Lava-river Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazards from lava–river interactions during the 1783–1784 Laki fissure eruption

2020

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Interactions between lava flows and surface water are not always considered in hazard assessments, despite abundant historical and geological evidence that they can create significant secondary hazards (e.g., floods and steam explosions). We combine contemporary accounts of the 1783−1784 Laki fissure eruption in southern Iceland with morphological analysis of the geological deposits to reconstruct the lava−water interactions and assess their impact on residents. We find that lava disrupted the local river systems, impounded water that flooded farms and impeded travel, and drove steam explosions that created at least 2979 rootless cones on the lava flow. Using aerial photographs and satellite-derived digital terrain models, we mapped and measured 12 of the 15 rootless cone groups on the Laki lava field. We have identified one new rootless cone group and provide data that suggest another cone group previously attributed to the 939−940 CE Eldgjá eruption was created by the Laki eruption. We then use contemporary accounts to estimate formation dates and environments for each cone group, which formed in wetland/lake areas, on riverbeds, and near areas of impounded water. Furthermore, comparison with previous field studies shows that assessments using remote sensing can be used to identify and map meter-scale and larger features on a lava flow, although remote mapping lacks the detail of field observations. Our findings highlight the different ways in which lava can interact with surface water, threatening people, property, water supplies, and infrastructure. For these reasons, anticipation of such interactions is important in lava flow hazard assessment in regions with abundant surface water; we further demonstrate that remote sensing can be an effective tool for identifying lava−water interactions in past lava flows.

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“…Newberry Volcano (Oregon, USA; 43.728°N, 121.210°W) is a Cascade Range back-arc volcano (Carlson et al, 2018), most recently active 1300 yr ago, with two small crater lakes aged ca. 7.5 ka (Jensen and Donnelly-Nolan, 2017). East Lake is a drowned crater with visual evidence of CO 2 inputs from the lake bottom (Lefkowitz et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic carbon cycling in East Lake, Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA

Brumberg

Capece

Cauley

et al. 2021

Geology

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The carbon cycle in East Lake (Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA) is fueled by volcanic CO2 inputs with traces of Hg and H2S. The CO2 dissolves in deep lake waters and is removed in shallow waters through largely diffusive surface degassing and photosynthesis. Escaping gas and photosynthate have low δ13C values, leading to δ13C(DIC) (DIC—dissolved inorganic carbon) as high as +5.7‰ in surface waters, well above the common global lake range. A steep δ13C depth gradient is further established by respiration and absorption of light volcanic CO2 in bottom waters. The seasonal CO2 degassing starts at >100 t CO2/day after ice melting in the spring and declines to ~40 t/day in late summer, degassing ~11,700 t CO2/yr. Thus, volcano monitoring through gas fluxes from crater lakes should consider lacustrine processes that modulate the volcanic gas output over time. The flux contribution of a bubbling CO2 “hotspot” increased from 20% to >90% of the lake-wide CO2 flux from 2015 to 2019 CE, followed by a “toxic gas alert” in July 2020. East Lake is an active volcanic lake with a “geogenic” ecosystem driven primarily by hydrothermal inputs.

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Field-trip guide to the geologic highlights of Newberry Volcano, Oregon

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Origin of Primitive Tholeiitic and Calc‐Alkaline Basalts at Newberry Volcano, Oregon

Origin of Primitive Tholeiitic and Calc‐Alkaline Basalts at Newberry Volcano, Oregon

Hazards from lava–river interactions during the 1783–1784 Laki fissure eruption

Volcanic carbon cycling in East Lake, Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA

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