Fifteen-year follow-up of a behavioral history of attention deficit disorder

Howell, D C; Huessy, Hans R.; Hassuk, Bruce

doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60629-4

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…It spans one of the longest follow-up periods (10 years) in the Uterature. Although the study from rural Vermont by Howell et al (1985), which was also population based, appears to have included longer follow-up, but the level of psychiatric clinical investigation both at the time of inclusion and follow-up was considerably lower in that study. We are not aware of any other population-based long-term follow-up studies in the field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The long-term outcome of children with childhood onset deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) is not known. Only a handful of prospective controlled long-term follow-up studies have addressed the issue of outcome in childhood cases of attention deficits/hyperactive disorders (variously referred to as ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder), ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), hyperkinetic syndrome, hyperactive syndrome of childhood or MBD (Minimal Brain Dysfunction) (Gittelman et al, 1985;Howell et al, 1985;Hechtman & Weiss, 1986;Lambert et al, 1987;Manuzza et al, 1989) and only one or two (Gillberg & Gillberg, 1983;Howell et al, 1985;) have referred to population-based samples. Because of the very considerable risk that clinic referred cases may be selected according to associated aspects which may have little or nothing to do with the disorder as such, it is quite likely that the relatively small outcome literature in the field does not properly reflect the true natural history of ADHD, DAMP or hyperkinetic syndrome Hellgren, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Children with Deficits in Attention, Motor Control and Perception (DAMP) Almost Grown Up: Psychiatric and Personality Disorders at Age 16 years

Hellgren¹,

Gillberg²,

Bågenholm³

et al. 1994

Child Psychology Psychiatry

150

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Fifty-six cases with childhood onset deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) were followed-up at age 16 years and compared with 45 children without DAMP. Both groups had originally been recruited from the general population at the age of 6 years. Psychiatric disorders (affective disorders in particular) were more common in the DAMP group. Personality disorders were common in both groups, but the DAMP group much more often had a combination of several different personality disorders. The reasons for the discrepancies between teenagers with and without a prior history of DAMP are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children with Deficits in Attention, Motor Control and Perception (DAMP) Almost Grown Up: Psychiatric and Personality Disorders at Age 16 years

Hellgren¹,

Gillberg²,

Bågenholm³

et al. 1994

Child Psychology Psychiatry

150

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“…Having pointed out that much of the poor outcome in ADHD children is due to the comorbid presence of CD, we would still like to present the studies of a 1985 report of Howell and coworkers (Howell et al 1985). While this longitudinal study did not distinguish between ADHD and ADHD plus CD, it did something no other study has done.…”

Section: Adhd Has Lifelong Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome

Blum

Chen

Braverman³

et al. 2008

NDT

104

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Molecular genetic studies have identified several genes that may mediate susceptibility to attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A consensus of the literature suggests that when there is a dysfunction in the "brain reward cascade," especially in the dopamine system, causing a low or hypo-dopaminergic trait, the brain may require dopamine for individuals to avoid unpleasant feelings. This high-risk genetic trait leads to multiple drugseeking behaviors, because the drugs activate release of dopamine, which can diminish abnormal cravings. Moreover, this genetic trait is due in part to a form of a gene (DRD 2 A1 allele) that prevents the expression of the normal laying down of dopamine receptors in brain reward sites. This gene, and others involved in neurophysiological processing of specifi c neurotransmitters, have been associated with defi cient functions and predispose individuals to have a high risk for addictive, impulsive, and compulsive behavioral propensities. It has been proposed that genetic variants of dopaminergic genes and other "reward genes" are important common determinants of reward defi ciency syndrome (RDS), which we hypothesize includes ADHD as a behavioral subtype. We further hypothesize that early diagnosis through genetic polymorphic identifi cation in combination with DNA-based customized nutraceutical administration to young children may attenuate behavioral symptoms associated with ADHD. Moreover, it is concluded that dopamine and serotonin releasers might be useful therapeutic adjuncts for the treatment of other RDS behavioral subtypes, including addictions.

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“…Although most studies report that grown-up ADHD children are at greater risk for PSUD than controls, the differences between groups are small and not statistically significant in most studies (Barkley et al, 1990;Borland and Heckman, 1976;Gittelman et al, 1985;Hechtman and Weiss, 1986;Howell et al, 1985;Klinteberg et al, 1993;Loney et al, 1981a;Mannuzza et al, 1991bMannuzza et al, , 1993Weiss et al, 1979). Yet, whether ADHD is an independent risk factor for PSUD remains a source of controversy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the existing literature on ADHD and PSUD suggests that the ADHD child's risk for PSUD is mediated by comorbid conduct disorder and is not a direct complication of ADHD (Babor et al, 1992;Barkley et al, 1990;Biederman et al, 1995c;Borland and Heckman, 1976;Gittelman et al, 1985;Hechtman and Weiss, 1986;Howell et al, 1985;Klinteberg et al, 1993;Loney et al, 1981b;Mannuzza et al, 1991a;Weiss et al, 1979). For example, August et al (1983) showed that the risk for DSM-III alcohol or drug abuse in ADHD children at a 4-year follow-up assessment was entirely accounted for by comorbid conduct disorder at baseline.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is ADHD a Risk Factor for Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders? Finding From a Four-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study

Biederman¹,

Wilens²,

Mick³

et al. 2003

FOC

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Objective.To evaluate whether attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for psychoactive substance use disorders (PSUD), attending to issues of psychiatric comorbidity, family history, and adversity. Method. Using assessments from multiple domains, the authors examined 140 ADHD and 120 normal control subjects at baseline and 4 years later. Drug and alcohol abuse and dependence were operationally defined. Results. No differences were detected in the rates of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence or in the rates of abuse of individual substances between the groups; both ADHD and control probands had a 15% rate of PSUD. Conduct and bipolar disorders predicted PSUD, independently of ADHD status. Family history of substance dependence and antisocial disorders was associated with PSUD in controls but less clearly so in ADHD probands. Family history of ADHD was not associated with risk for PSUD. ADHD probands had a significantly shorter time period between the onsets of abuse and dependence compared with controls (1.2 years versus 3 years, p<.01). Conclusions. Adolescents with and without ADHD had a similar risk for PSUD that was mediated by conduct and bipolar disorder. Since the risk for PSUD has been shown to be elevated in adults with ADHD when compared with controls, a sharp increase in PSUD is to be expected in grown-up ADHD children during the transition from adolescence to adulthood.

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Fifteen-year follow-up of a behavioral history of attention deficit disorder

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Children with Deficits in Attention, Motor Control and Perception (DAMP) Almost Grown Up: Psychiatric and Personality Disorders at Age 16 years

Children with Deficits in Attention, Motor Control and Perception (DAMP) Almost Grown Up: Psychiatric and Personality Disorders at Age 16 years

Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome

Is ADHD a Risk Factor for Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders? Finding From a Four-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study

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