Fifteen years of child drowning— A 1967–1981 analysis of all fatal cases from the Brisbane drowning study and an 11 year study of consecutive near-drowning cases

Nixon, James W.; Pearn, John; Wilkey, Ian; Corcoran, A.

doi:10.1016/0001-4575(86)90003-5

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the context of immersion fatalities, this approach was followed in the Brisbane Drowning Study, which identified at least 16 links in the chain of immersion-hypoxia, "the drowning chain" (Nixon, Pearn, Wilkey, & Corcoran, 1986;Pearn, 1985). Using this approach, in this current study we have reviewed the full details of each of 42 drowned rescuer-victims identified in a national (Australian) coronial series as one subset of all fatal immersions (1 July 2002-30 June 2010) over this 15-year period.…”

Section: Critical Incident Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

"The Impulse to Rescue": Rescue Altruism and the Challenge of Saving the Rescuer

Pearn¹,

Franklin²

2012

IJARE

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Section: Critical Incident Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

"The Impulse to Rescue": Rescue Altruism and the Challenge of Saving the Rescuer

Pearn¹,

Franklin²

2012

IJARE

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“…The impact of educational interventions in injury safety, however, is rather difficult to assess. [3][4][5][6] Given the dismal national statistics, the Center for Research and Prevention of Injuries (CEREPRI) in Greece was keen to join a campaign undertaken in 2002 by several EU member states aimed at promoting both water safety and the prevention and control of drowning among children. In particular, CEREPRI assumed the responsibility of coordinating a mass media campaign and several educational and awareness-raising events in cooperation with local authorities across Greece.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water safety: age-specific changes in knowledge and attitudes following a school-based intervention

et al. 2007

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Objectives: To explore whether an intervention during mandatory schooling can lead to age-specific changes in water safety knowledge and attitudes. Methods: Age-specific questionnaires were distributed to 202 kindergarten and grade one pupils, 220 elementary school pupils and 337 pupils attending the first three high school grades in Greater Athens. The information was used to design an educational package that was subsequently presented to pupils of the same grades and similar socio-demographic profiles attending different schools in the same area. One month later, a post-exposure evaluation was conducted using the initial questionnaires, in which 115, 205 and 321 pupils from the respective grade categories provided their responses. In order to compare the performance of pupils exposed to the educational intervention with that of pupils who participated only in the initial assessment, mean differences in scores measuring overall knowledge and attitudes were estimated within each of the three grade groups adjusting for age, gender, sibship size, maternal education and swimming knowledge. Results: Among kindergarten and grade one pupils, those who received the intervention scored significantly higher for knowledge (17.40%, 95% CI 6.41% to 28.39%) and attitudes (23.64%, 95% CI 4.48% to 42.79%). Among elementary school pupils the gains in knowledge were less evident (14.58%, 95% CI 23.05% to 32.21%)) and almost null in attitudes (5.64%, 95% CI 211.47% to 22.77%). Further advancement of age showed no improvement in knowledge (20.15%, 95% CI 25.30% to 4.99%) and a minimal, insignificant increase in attitudes (6.32%, 95% CI 21.87% to 14.52%) among exposed high school pupils. Conclusion: The school-based intervention resulted in considerable positive changes in knowledge and attitudes among very young pupils. Elementary schooling seems to provide meagre opportunities to simply improve knowledge. Alternative/complementary approaches should be sought in any attempt to modify behavior.

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“…For example, the legislation effect may have been confounded by the effect of community campaigns to educate the public about childhood drowning and its prevention. Indeed, evidence from 2 studies in Brisbane 47 and Arizona 48 indicates that such campaigns can reduce the childhood drowning rate even in the absence of poolfencing legislation. Thus, the success of local ordinances to reduce childhood drowning may depend critically on community education and awareness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pool-fencing ordinances and other factors on childhood drowning in Los Angeles County, 1990-1995

2000

Am J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: This study estimated the effects of local pool-fencing ordinances and other factors on the rate of childhood drowning in Los Angeles County, California. METHODS: Stage 1 was a retrospective dynamic cohort study of all drownings among children younger than 10 years that occurred in residential swimming pools in Los Angeles County between 1990 and 1995. Stage 2 was a matched case-control study that compared pools in which childhood drownings occurred (cases) with randomly selected pools in which drownings did not occur (controls). RESULTS: The drowning rate was relatively high among toddlers (aged 1-4 years), boys, and African Americans and in areas with a high density of residential swimming pools. Pool-fencing ordinances were not associated with a reduced overall rate of childhood drowning. CONCLUSIONS: Local ordinances enacted in Los Angeles County before 1996 do not appear to have been effective in reducing the rate of childhood drowning in residential pools. Possible reasons for this ineffectiveness are insufficient building codes for isolating pools from homes, inadequate enforcement of the ordinances, and inadequate operation or maintenance of fencing equipment by pool owners.

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Fifteen years of child drowning— A 1967–1981 analysis of all fatal cases from the Brisbane drowning study and an 11 year study of consecutive near-drowning cases

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

"The Impulse to Rescue": Rescue Altruism and the Challenge of Saving the Rescuer

"The Impulse to Rescue": Rescue Altruism and the Challenge of Saving the Rescuer

Water safety: age-specific changes in knowledge and attitudes following a school-based intervention

Effects of pool-fencing ordinances and other factors on childhood drowning in Los Angeles County, 1990-1995

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