Fifth millennium BC miniature ceramic bottles from the south-eastern Prealps and Central Balkans: A multi-disciplinary approach to study their content and function

Kramberger, Bine; Berthold, Christoph; Spiteri, Cynthianne Debono

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102993

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Humans have a long history of lead white usage in both eastern Eurasia (Han, Zhang, et al, 2022) and western Eurasia (Beck et al, 2018; Walter et al, 1999). Craftsmen first explored natural cerussite minerals during the fifth–second millennium BCE in southern Europe (~4000 BCE) (Kramberger et al, 2021), Egypt (~3000 BCE) (Beck et al, 2018), Mesopotamia (~2500 BCE) (Hauptmann et al, 2016), Iran (~3000 BCE), and the Indus Valley (~2500 BCE) (Vidale et al, 2016). Afterward, a synthetic production method was adopted during the first millennium BCE in ancient China and Greece (Beck et al, 2018; Han, Zhang, et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical profiling of a 130‐year‐old manuscript reveals the early use of synthetic lead white correction fluid in ancient China

Han

Hao

et al. 2023

Archaeometry

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In practice, correction fluid to mask text errors has been continuously in demand since papers began to be predominantly used since the late fourth century AD in ancient China. However, research on the trajectory of correction fluid composition has been largely overlooked and has not been revealed currently. In this study, a multianalytical approach was used to investigate a thin whiteout layer, used as correction fluids applied in 1890, on a book page from the famous Imperial Encyclopedia (1726 bronze‐type repaint version). The results showed that the white layer was composed of hydrocerussite ((PbCO3)2·Pb (OH)2) in mixture with plant oil and a tiny portion of calcium carbonate, which had been applied to conceal the originally printed Chinese characters upon which they were rewritten in preparing photographic negatives for reprinting using photolithography. The analysis results also suggest that lead white was likely domestically made using a local lead ore source by the wet synthetic process. Considering the prolonged use of orpiment (As2S3) as a correction fluid ingredient in Chinese tradition, a trajectory to lead white suggests not only advances in pulping and papermaking technology but also a shift in cultural habits and aesthetic psychology in the late Qing Dynasty.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical profiling of a 130‐year‐old manuscript reveals the early use of synthetic lead white correction fluid in ancient China

Han

Hao

et al. 2023

Archaeometry

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“…Hunting was also enhanced by using poisonous substances obtained by mixing beeswax with Euphorbia toxic sap [ 63 ]. Since the Neolithic Age, beeswax has also been used for the waterproofing of furniture, rituals, and cosmetics, and its use in ancient medicine dates back to ancient Egypt [ 60 , 64 , 65 ]. Over time, the usage of beeswax has been documented in sculpture, ornaments, masks, and candles, and at present this substance is exploited for the production of comb foundations in beekeeping, but also in the food industry as a glazing agent in fruits.…”

Section: Use Of Bee Products As Raw Materials and Medicinal Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Honey Bee Apis mellifera: An Insect at the Interface between Human and Ecosystem Health

Papa

Maier

Durazzo³

et al. 2022

Biology

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The concept of ecosystem services is widely understood as the services and benefits thatecosystems provide to humans, and they have been categorised into provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services. This article aims to provide an updated overview of the benefits that the honey bee Apis mellifera provides to humans as well as ecosystems. We revised the role of honey bees as pollinators in natural ecosystems to preserve and restore the local biodiversity of wild plants; in agro-ecosystems, this species is widely used to enhance crop yield and quality, meeting the increasing food demand. Beekeeping activity provides humans not only with high-quality food but also with substances used as raw materials and in pharmaceuticals, and in polluted areas, bees convey valuable information on the environmental presence of pollutants and their impact on human and ecosystem health. Finally, the role of the honey bee in symbolic tradition, mysticism, and the cultural values of the bee habitats are also presented. Overall, we suggest that the symbolic value of the honey bee is the most important role played by this insect species, as it may help revitalise and strengthen the intimate and reciprocal relationship between humans and the natural world, avoiding the inaccuracy of considering the ecosystems as mere providers of services to humans.

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Cosmetics for the non-elite 2000 years ago: affordable raw materials and a complex production process

Wu,

Tang,

et al. 2023

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Fifth millennium BC miniature ceramic bottles from the south-eastern Prealps and Central Balkans: A multi-disciplinary approach to study their content and function

Cited by 5 publications

References 58 publications

Chemical profiling of a 130‐year‐old manuscript reveals the early use of synthetic lead white correction fluid in ancient China

Chemical profiling of a 130‐year‐old manuscript reveals the early use of synthetic lead white correction fluid in ancient China

The Honey Bee Apis mellifera: An Insect at the Interface between Human and Ecosystem Health

Cosmetics for the non-elite 2000 years ago: affordable raw materials and a complex production process

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