Fifty shades of bacterial endosymbionts and some of them still remain a mystery: Wolbachia and Cardinium in oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida)

Konecka, Edyta

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2022.107733

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…(iii) Considering arachnids as holobionts with all the microand macro-organisms that live on and in them permanently or at least over extended periods of time (Medina et al, 2022). Mites and spiders are rich in harboring reproductive and other-function endosymbionts and other microorganisms (Goodacre, 2011;Zhu et al, 2018;Schausberger, 2018;Pelmutter and Bordenstein, 2020;Konecka, 2022). Some of these microorganisms change between individual animals within and between species and animals and plants (Staudacher et al, 2017).…”

Section: Topical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand challenges and bold opportunities in arachnid ecology and behavior

Schausberger

2022

Front. Arachn. Sci.

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BackgroundThe Arachnida represent a mega-diverse lineage within the Arthropoda and are the second largest (speciose) class of invertebrates (first are the insects with around 955.000 described species), with about 91.200 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/) to 114.200 (Zhang, 2013) species named and described (90% of which are spiders and mites/ticks) but an estimated 1 to 1.5 million species, especially mites, waiting to be detected and named (Krantz and Walter, 2009;Walter and Proctor, 2013;Zhang, 2013). The number of currently known arachnid species is more than all vertebrates together, although the arachnid species number is just about 1/10 th to 1/15 th of the estimated number of species truly present, yet is in comparison close to being complete in the vertebrates (70.300 described species) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/). Arachnids are similar to insects in evolutionary success and history. The fossil history of the Chelicerata, to which the Arachnida belong to, dates back to 500 million years ago. The Arachnida comprise groups, such as the Acari (mites and ticks), that are extremely diverse and can be found about anywhere in the world, from aquatic to terrestrial, from rainforests to deserts, from mountain tops to valleys, from the icy Arctic and Antarctic to burning hot deserts (Krantz and Walter, 2009;Walter and Proctor, 2013), while others are almost exclusively terrestrial but similarly diverse in habitat use, i.e. the Araneae (spiders), with just one truly aquatic species (e.g. Foelix 2010, Dimitrov and Hormiga, 2021). While the Araneae are comparatively homogenous in foraging stylesall are true predators and most are prey generalists, yet showing an impressive array of true predation styles, from ambushing to active hunting to luring and trappingthe Acari are very diverse, from strictly parasitic throughout life, to changing between parasitic and free-living, to living on the same host throughout life and over several generations, to changing hosts to being always free-living, from fungivores, detritivores to herbivores, carnivores and omnivores, from habitat and diet generalists to extreme specialists exploiting just one type of food or individual host (e.g. Walter and Proctor, 2013). Extreme diversity and variability also apply to reproductive modes, which span from sexual direct and indirect sperm transfer to asexual cloning (thelytoky). Together, the arachnids are mega-diverse in all major aspects of ecology and behavior.The grand challenges presented here are viewed from an arachnid perspective though some are not specific to arachnids, as are some overarching questions addressed in arachnid research. The challenges and opportunities mentioned are not meant to be exhaustive, are certainly partly subjective and growing out of own current interests and Frontiers in Arachnid Science frontiersin.org 01

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Section: Topical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand challenges and bold opportunities in arachnid ecology and behavior

Schausberger

2022

Front. Arachn. Sci.

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“…One of the most widely accepted hypotheses to explain bacterial genome reduction is Muller’s ratchet, in which the associated bacteria tend to accumulate deleterious mutations for reduction in the absence of chromosomal recombination inside the eukaryotic host organism 1,2 . Cardinium species belong to the family Amoebophilaceae of the CFB group bacteria, which are a group of endosymbiont bacteria widely distributed among arthropods, that along with Wolbachia can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility 6,7 . In this study, we explored bacterial reductive evolution within the de novo assembled genomes of Cardinium endosymbionts in two astigmatic mites 8,9 .…”

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Endogenous Plasmids and Reductive Genome Evolution in Host-Associated Bacteria

Xiong

Fung

Xiao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Reductive genome evolution is commonly observed among host-associated bacteria including many important pathogens, such as Mycobacterium leprae but its molecular mechanism is not well understood. One of the most widely accepted hypotheses to explain bacterial genome reduction is Muller's ratchet, in which the associated bacteria tend to accumulate deleterious mutations for reduction in the absence of chromosomal recombination inside the eukaryotic host organism. Cardinium species belong to the family Amoebophilaceae of the CFB group bacteria, which are a group of endosymbiont bacteria widely distributed among arthropods, that along with Wolbachia can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility. In this study, we explored bacterial reductive evolution within the de novo assembled genomes of Cardinium endosymbionts in two astigmatic mites. Our results shed light on the reduction mechanism driven by endogenous plasmids and their encoded enzymes.

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Further evidence of low infection frequencies of Wolbachia in soil arthropod communities

Tischer,

Bleidorn

2024

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Fifty shades of bacterial endosymbionts and some of them still remain a mystery: Wolbachia and Cardinium in oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida)

Cited by 5 publications

References 214 publications

Grand challenges and bold opportunities in arachnid ecology and behavior

Grand challenges and bold opportunities in arachnid ecology and behavior

Endogenous Plasmids and Reductive Genome Evolution in Host-Associated Bacteria

Further evidence of low infection frequencies of Wolbachia in soil arthropod communities

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