Fighting on two fronts: drug–drug interactions in people living with HIV infected with SARS-CoV-2

Bahap, Melda; Kara, Emre; Güven, Gülay Sain

doi:10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002390

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Design/Type of production Bahap M, Kara E, Guven GS (29) Fighting on two fronts: drug-drug interactions in people living with HIV infected with SARS-CoV-2…”

Section: Authors Article Title Periodical Title Country / Month In 2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most recurrent were hydroxychloroqu ine (11)(12)18,(21)(22)(24)(25)27,31,33,37,40) , maintaining the original ART (10,16,18,(20)(21)(22)24,28,30,39,41) , azithromycin (12,19,(21)(22)25,27,(31)(32)(33)(40)(41) , oseltamivir (26,(33)(34)36,39,41) , and tocilizumab (14,22,(24)(25)35,42) . Hydroxychloroquine was normally used in association with azithromycin and, even for those patients who were successful in the treatment of COVID-19, its use continues to be questioned by some researchers (18) , its co-administration with ART requires follow-up due to toxicity (29) , and further study is needed to prove their real risks and/or benefits …”

Section: ) Pharmacologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most recurrent care interventions were supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula and/or reservoir mask (9,12,(14)(15)17,19,24,(34)(35)(37)(38)(39)(40)42) and mechanical ventilation (20,(22)(23)(24)(25)36,41) . Thus, it is suggested that the best basic treatment consists of oxygen support and control of comorbidities (29) .…”

Section: ) Pharmacologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The care recommendations refer to the need for a clarification in the diagnostic between pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and other pneumonias (17) , the need to monitor drug blood levels (29) , and sedation of agitated patients for safe transport (27) ; they also recommend not obtaining sputum samples due to the generation of aerosols (32) ; and signal that individuals co-infected with SARS-CoV-2/HIV can be treated with the standard care applied to the general population (25) .…”

Section: ) Pharmacologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacological recommendations suggest that it is necessary to assess the potential for interactions between ART and the different treatments for COVID-19 (28) . A study reveals an increase or decrease in exposure to chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in co-administration with ART (29) and emphasizes that lopinavir/ ritonavir can increase these drugs' plasma concentrations (29) . Furthermore, the early use of antimicrobial drugs can result in a lower risk of opportunistic infections (41) and, therefore, reduce the length of hospital stay and complications resulting from SARS-CoV-2/HIV coinfection.…”

Section: ) Pharmacologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical progression of COVID-19 coinfection in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus: scoping review

et al. 2022

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Objectives: to map the production of scientific knowledge on the clinical progression of COVID-19 coinfection in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: scoping review, with search strategies in MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and LILACS. Dual independent data extraction and analysis of the material with similarity compilation and narrative synthesis. Results: sample consisted of 35 articles. Fever, cough, and dyspnea were the most prevalent signs/symptoms. Recurrent complications involved desaturation/worsening of oxygen desaturation and pneumonia. No standard pharmacological treatment was identified, and the main interventions involved the provision of supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation. The studies recommended preventive, care, and pharmacological practices. Conclusions: the clinical manifestations, complications, and treatments/assistance care for people coinfected with SARS CoV-2/HIV are similar to those of the general population. Coinfection, overall, does not infer a worse prognosis.

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“…Design/Type of production Bahap M, Kara E, Guven GS (29) Fighting on two fronts: drug-drug interactions in people living with HIV infected with SARS-CoV-2…”

Section: Authors Article Title Periodical Title Country / Month In 2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Pharmacologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Pharmacologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Pharmacologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Pharmacologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Clinical progression of COVID-19 coinfection in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus: scoping review

et al. 2022

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Retrospective evaluation of an observational cohort by the Central and Eastern Europe Network Group shows a high frequency of potential drug–drug interactions among HIV‐positive patients receiving treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)

et al. 2021

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Objectives The aim of this international multicentre study was to review potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs) for real‐life coadministration of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐specific medications. Methods The Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group initiated a retrospective, observational cohort study of HIV‐positive patients diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire and DDIs were identified using the University of Liverpool's interaction checker. Results In total, 524 (94.1% of 557) patients received cART at COVID‐19 onset: 117 (22.3%) were female, and the median age was 42 (interquartile range 36–50) years. Only 115 (21.9%) patients were hospitalized, of whom 34 required oxygen therapy. The most frequent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone was tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) with lamivudine or emtricitabine (XTC) (79.3%) along with an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) (68.5%), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) (17.7%), protease inhibitor (PI) (13.7%) or other (2.5%). In total, 148 (28.2%) patients received COVID‐19‐specific treatments: corticosteroids (15.7%), favipiravir (7.1%), remdesivir (3.1%), hydroxychloroquine (2.7%), tocilizumab (0.6%) and anakinra (0.2%). In total, 62 DDI episodes were identified in 58 patients (11.8% of the total cohort and 41.9% of the COVID‐19‐specific treatment group). The use of boosted PIs and elvitegravir accounted for 43 DDIs (29%), whereas NNRTIs were responsible for 14 DDIs (9.5%). Conclusions In this analysis from the Central and Eastern European region on HIV‐positive persons receiving COVID‐19‐specific treatment, it was found that potential DDIs were common. Although low‐dose steroids are mainly used for COVID‐19 treatment, comedication with boosted antiretrovirals seems to have the most frequent potential for DDIs. In addition, attention should be paid to NNRTI coadministration.

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ADME, Pharmacokinetic Scaling, Pharmacodynamic and Prediction of Human Dose and Regimen of Novel Antiviral Drugs

2023

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The search for new drugs is an extremely time-consuming and expensive endeavour. Much of that time and money go into generating predictive human pharmacokinetic profiles from preclinical efficacy and safety animal data. These pharmacokinetic profiles are used to prioritize or minimize the attrition at later stages of the drug discovery process. In the area of antiviral drug research, these pharmacokinetic profiles are equally important for the optimization, estimation of half-life, determination of effective dose, and dosing regimen, in humans. In this article we have highlighted three important aspects of these profiles. First, the impact of plasma protein binding on two primary pharmacokinetic parameters—volume of distribution and clearance. Second, interdependence of primary parameters on unbound fraction of the drug. Third, the ability to extrapolate human pharmacokinetic parameters and concentration time profiles from animal profiles.

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Fighting on two fronts: drug–drug interactions in people living with HIV infected with SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Clinical progression of COVID-19 coinfection in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus: scoping review

Clinical progression of COVID-19 coinfection in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus: scoping review

Retrospective evaluation of an observational cohort by the Central and Eastern Europe Network Group shows a high frequency of potential drug–drug interactions among HIV‐positive patients receiving treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)

ADME, Pharmacokinetic Scaling, Pharmacodynamic and Prediction of Human Dose and Regimen of Novel Antiviral Drugs

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